Saturday, December 28, 2019

How Much Water is a Mole of Water

How much is a mole of water? A mole is a unit of measuring the quantity of anything. It is simple to calculate the weight and volume of a mole of water. Quick Mole Review A single mole is set to the number of particles found in 12.000 grams of carbon-12. This number is 6.022 x 1023 carbon atoms. The number 6.022 x 1023 is known as Avogadros Number. A mole of carbon-12 atoms has 6.022 x 1023 carbon-12 atoms. A mole of apples has 6.022 x 1023 apples.A mole of water has 6.022 x 1023 water molecules. Mass of 1 Mole of Water How much water is that to most people? Water (H2O) is made from 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen. A mole of water molecules would be 2 moles of hydrogen atoms plus 1 mole of oxygen atoms.From the periodic table we see the atomic weight of hydrogen is 1.0079 and the atomic weight of oxygen is 15.9994.Atomic mass is the number of grams per mole of the element. This means 1 mole of hydrogen weighs 1.0079 grams and 1 mole of oxygen weighs 15.9994 grams. Therefore, water would weigh: weight of water 2(1.0079) g 15.9994 gweight of water 2.0158 g 15.9994 gweight of water 18.0152 g Therefore, one mole of water weighs 18.0152 grams. Unless you have a good sense of mass, this value probably doesnt have much meaning to you. Its easier to grasp how much water is in a mole if you find the volume of this amount of mass. Fortunately, this is another simple calculation. Volume of 1 Mole of Water To find out the volume of water in one mole, you need to know the density of water. The density of water varies depending on temperature and pressure but can usually be taken as 1 gram per milliliter. Density is the amount of mass per unit volume or: Density Mass/Volume This equation can be rewritten to solve for volume: Volume Mass/Density Plugging in the mass of 1 mole of water and its density gives you: Volume 18 grams / 1 gram/mLVolume 18 mL Therefore: 18 mL holds a mole of water. How much is 18 mL? Its not a lot! 18 mL is around the volume of a few drops of water. To put this in perspective, its common to buy beverages in 1-liter volumes. 1 liter is 1000 milliliters.

Friday, December 20, 2019

Childhood Education And Special Education - 939 Words

What is my plan in life? Vocation can be defined in many different ways depending on the context it is used in. In this case, the dictionary defines vocation as a strong desire to spend your life doing a certain kind of work. Simply put, it is the career path someone studies and decides to pursue throughout their life. I have chosen to pursue Early Childhood Education and Special Education. I have discovered that my calling in life is to be a Christian leader and serve others. I want to become a teacher to impact the lives of children from all different backgrounds and generations. Be their role model and someone they can count on 100% of the time. As a teacher, it is important to know how to apply literacy-- reading, writing, and speaking. These are all important skills to have both in and out of the classroom. As a teacher, I will use all three to fulfill my responsibilities. As an early childhood teacher, I will have to keep track of students’ progress. To do this I will be required to compose evaluations and write ups for administration and parents eyes. It would not be wise to have this document look like one of my students wrote it. The document will have to look academic and formal, like a certified teacher wrote it. Writing is not all that I will have to do, I will also have to know how to read. In the classroom, I will have an array of diverse learners from all different cultures and backgrounds. Some of my students may know how to read, where others may not. ItShow MoreRelatedChildhood Education : Early Childhood Special Education Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pages Early Childhood Special education Name: Institution: Early Childhood Special education 1-The role of play in learning in early childhood Special Education Play is usually a natural activity in early childhood and has significant importance in early childhood special education. Play assists in enhancing the children social competence, creativity, language development, and their thinking skills. Play is usually the key vehicle for the developing of language, social skulls in youngRead MoreChildhood Parents And Special Education961 Words   |  4 Pagesassistance or accommodation; particularly when entering school. These children can be recommended for special education. Being placed in special education affords children the opportunity to learn at their own pace with all the specific support they need. The children’s needs are met with guidance, patience, and scaffolding. Early childhood parents often have negative perceptions towards special education; resulting in the delay or impediment of their child receiving services. In this author’s experienceRead MoreThe Importance Of Being An Early Childhood / Special Education Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesBeing an early childhood/special education major, I decided to observe during my field experience hours in a preschool class at Prairie Children Preschool, in Aurora. In this classroom, I observed a blended classroom, with ten out of fifteen children having IEPs. Thus far, I have visited three times and have completed a total of nine hours in the classroom. One opportunity I have in my placement is to be able to observe in the classroom on Fridays, during which only students enrolled in the PreschoolRead MoreAdvanced Seminar On Early Childhood Special Education810 Words   |  4 PagesIN EARLY CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION ECPSE 731 PROFESSOR: MONICA GIGANTE FEBRUARY 25, 2015 ADIE S. JAMES (SHARON) Overview Observation and interview for this assignment were conducted at P.S. 95Q – The Eastwood School, a New York City Department of Education public elementary school, located at 179-01 90th Avenue, Jamaica, N.Y. 11432. The hosts grades Kindergarten to 5th Grade, and has a population of 1,484 students.. School personnel include the administrative staff, teachers, special service providersRead MoreParental Collaboration And Early Childhood Special Education Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pages PARENTAL COLLABORATION IN EARLY INTERVENTION AND EARLY CHILDHOOD SPECIAL EDUCATION Parents frequently feel extremely defenceless when they start to utilize early interventions and administrations; now and again solid emotions are near to the surface. Professionals ought to be mindful of this and appreciate these sentiments. The principal assignment of any parent is to build up a profoundly adoring, commonly fulfilling, and sustaining association with his or her youngster; theRead More My Desire to be an Early Childhood Special Education Teacher598 Words   |  3 PagesMy Desire to be an Early Childhood Special Education Teacher Imagine yourself to be a young child sitting in a classroom. The teacher has given instructions, and everyone is working, except you. You want to raise your hand, but are hesitant due to the fear of being laughed at. The teacher scolds you for not being on task, and for having to perhaps stay afterwards to catch up on your work. You feel ashamed and want to give up altogether. The teacher glares at you waiting for you to startRead MoreThe Inclusive Practice During Childhood Education Context And Important For The Special Educational Needs Of The Gifted Children2001 Words   |  9 PagesThis essay will focus on the inclusive practice in relation to the early childhood education context and particularly to the special educational needs of the gifted children. This will also cover the policies/legislation, current research, national and international perspectives of inclusive practice in early childhood education. The complexities and practicalities of inclusion in terms of le arning opportunities and experiences, environmental considerations and peer relationships would be criticallyRead MoreDevelopment Of Exceptional And Special Needs Children Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesThe early childhood sector is increasing rapidly across the Caribbean. Some of these centres just came about in an ad hoc manner due to the demand for day care services; recognising how important early childhood development is, governments and other officials are being faced with the task of ensuring that quality early childhood education is provided. This essay seeks to discuss teachers’ expectations, sensitivities, priorities and values that contribute to the quality of all pupils learning andRead MoreGraduation Speech : Early Childhood Educator1314 Words   |  6 PagesEarly-Childhood Educator A day in the life of an early-childhood educator begins early with consistent routines. Teachers arrive at their room and prepare activities for the day. Once the students arrive in the classroom teachers begin with a structured morning activity to get their minds moving. After, morning announcements teachers begin to teach for the day with fun, in gaging lessons that seem to not even be related to learning. On some days the students will go to specials such as music, artRead MoreThe Benefits of Early Childhood Education1201 Words   |  5 PagesBenefits of Early Childhood Education The writer of Proverbs 22:6 wrote: â€Å"Train a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not turn from it†. Early Education has benefits that can follow well into adult hood. Early childhood education is the organized practice of educating those who are in early childhood. According to the NAEYC (National Association for the Education of Young Children), early childhood spans the human life from birth to age eight (Early Childhood Education,  para. 1)

Thursday, December 12, 2019

David Hume Essay Example For Students

David Hume Essay I would like to start by stating that the arguments I will present about DavidHumes An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding are not going to beleaning completely towards his point of view or against it due to the fact thatI agree with certain views on his philosophy and disagree with others. In Ofthe Origin of Ideas, Hume divides all perceptions into two basic kinds:impressions, which are the livelier and more vivid perceptions; andideas, which are less lively copies of the original impression. He givessome excellent analogies to back this up. For example, he says when we thinkof a golden mountain, we only join two consistent ideas, gold, and mountain,with which we were formerly aquainted . I consider this point of view to becompletely logical and agree with Hume, but at the same time Im a littleskeptic about it because he himself gives a counterexample to his own claim thatsimple ideas are always copied from impression. In the whole example ofintroducing a new shade of color, I disagree with Hume when he states that.. . this instance is so singular, that it is scarcely worth our observing,and does not merit, that for it alone we should alter our general maximbecause what if there are other instances where the same thing could happen. Didhe have an infinite amount of time to go through all the possibilities of allthe cases that could happen in an entire lifetime or just generally in life? InSceptical Doubts Concerning the Operations of the Understanding, he saysthat all reasoning about matters of fact seem to be founded on the relationof Cause and Effect and this was something that I agreed on with him becauseif I challenge it and put it to test, it seems to work every time, but hedoesnt stop there. He says if you agree with the cause and effect concept,then you must find out how we arrive at the knowledge of cause and effect. Thenhis answer to this is that you dont know the cause and effect of an objectjust by looking at it and reasoning a priori, but solely through experience.This is yet another topic where I agree on, but am skeptic about his conclusionon it because he is basically saying that nothing should be assumed do to priorexperience and should be challenged at all times. For example, he says Allour reasonings a priori will never be able to shew us any foundation for thispreference, and also that It could not, therefore, be discovered in thecause, and the first invention or conception of it, a priori, must be entirelyarbitrary. Sure, this would probably be the best way to be certain about afactual matter, but we as humans are not immortal so I say it would be ludicrousto go on living life in this frame of mind. I think Humes view on cause andeffect is similar to Descartes view on reality because they are both superskeptic about the matter of facts, but a major difference would be that Humeactually believes in the fact once it has been challenged and Descartes woulddoubt everything even if experienced and challenged. Like Hume, Locke believedthat you are born with a blank mind and then through experiences you would gainknowledge, but there was a difference in the way each viewed this notion. Lockebelieved that an object obtained certain qualities or attributes, which werepowers and these powers would then produce the ideas. He also broke thesequalities into two types, which were primary and secondary. .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e , .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e .postImageUrl , .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e , .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e:hover , .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e:visited , .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e:active { border:0!important; } .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e:active , .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9ac3352a5c0b13664d13b91561726b8e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gay Parenting Essay Introduction The primary were thesimple ideas like solidity, texture, extension, figure, and motion. Thesecondary were not in the objects themselves, but were powers to produce color,sound, taste, and other things of the sort. This seems like a rational way tolook at how one might come to gain knowledge, but I prefer Humes way ofthinking a lot better. He says that we obtain all our conclusions from theprinciple of Custom and Habit. He describes custom as being the repetitionof any particular act or operation, which produces the tendency to start overthe same act without being influenced by reason. In conclusion about custom, hesays, Without the influence of custom, we should be entirely ignorant ofevery matter of fact, beyond what is immediately present to the memory andsenses. This is the statement I like the most because its how every humanbeing lives today whether they realize it or not.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Illuminated Manuscript Origins the Book of Kells free essay sample

Of all the extravagant works of illuminated text, the Book of Kells is one of the most impressive and famous due to the extent of its decoration and incredibly detailed craftsmanship. The authors and location of the Book of Kells are unknown, but there are many theories about its origins because it contains many similarities to Insular manuscripts. 1. History of Illuminated Manuscripts The time period of 1066-1485 AD is classified as the Middle Ages. During this time, all books were written by hand and usually the hands of monks. The first illuminated manuscripts were filled with religious text from the Bible. Later, other important books of literature, politics, and hunting were illuminated at the request of wealthy patrons. During the Medieval time period, the transition between artisans and artists was not yet made. Monks painted to glorify God rather than to gain individual recognition. The subject matter was the main focus of the artwork, not the artist. We will write a custom essay sample on Illuminated Manuscript Origins: the Book of Kells or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This mindset in creating work greatly affected the quality of illuminated manuscripts; artists specialized in one specific field and became experts in their craftsmanship. For example, in the creation of illuminated manuscripts, a monk’s work would be dedicated to being an artist or a scribe. Each page would have to be carefully planned out in order to design space for text and images. Because there are so many occasions where text and image are so intertwined, the â€Å"identity between scribe and artist is among the key unanswered questions about the manuscript. † (Trinity) Many theories believe multiple artists and scribes were involved in the creation of the Book of Kells. Others say that some artists were also scribes. Artists, historians, and even government officials have debated these theories. They all include overlapping elements and each argument contains sufficient data to support the theory. The true origin of the Book of Kells will be difficult to discover. 2. Namesake and Theories of Origins While the place of origin and date of completion are unknown, there are many factors in this book that relate to other illuminated manuscripts. The Book of Kells is strongly believed to have been written by Irish monks. â€Å"At least three scribes and three illustrators (who may or may not have been the scribes themselves) have been identified at the work. . . (256, Megaw) One theory of origins holds that the book was completed and preserved in the town of Kells, Country Meath in Ireland during the Viking invasions in the early ninth century. Other theories believe that the book was started in Iona and then transported to Kells to be finished in safety. Because of the many theories that involve Kells, this town became the most well known namesake of this manuscript. But the Boo k of Kells is also known as the Book of Columba and the Gospel of Columba. This title originated from an Irish monk named Columcille, who founded over two dozen monestaries. No matter where or how it happened, Colum Cille became an important leader in the creation of the Book of Kells. To avoid war and politics, he fled from Ireland to Iona with other monks. In 561 AD, he founded another monastery in Iona that â€Å"became the principle house of a large monastic confederation. † (Trinity). In many theories of origins, this monastery is believed to have been the place of completion of the Book of Kells. The Gospels of the Book of Kells are written in the old Latin, which was used by the Irish Catholic Church. Colum Cille belonged to this church and represented it in his missionary work across Europe. These are just a few of the dots that connect on the map that shows the history of his manuscript. 4. Irish Gospels The introductions of illuminated manuscripts typically contain intricate sets of interlaced geometric patterns known as ‘carpet pages’. In the case of illuminated Gospels, a cross was the central design of these decorative patterns. The main text of the Book of Kells is recognized as a mixed Irish version of the gospels because of the similarities in use of designs. Its preface is similar to the book of Durrow and Armach in the style of the page’s layout. Each gospel is introduced by an entire page design that represents the evangelists’ symbols. For example, the book of Durrow introduces the Gospel of John with a detailed, Celtic-style lion. The famous Chi-Rho page in the Book of Kells is the introduction of Christ’s geneaology. While the detail in the Chi-Rho page surpasses that of the lion, both designs contain similar uses of spirals, knots, and interlacing designs. Also, the color range of the book of Kells is akin to the Irish Lindisfarne and Lichfield gospels and it agrees with the whole group of insular manuscripts in the general trend of its decoration. (213, Henry) For example, one of the oldest Insular designs is a spiral. Other Irish manuscripts use grids or simple curves to decorate the spiral while the book of Kells uses elaborate patterns of animals and people. Other Insular designs include interlacing, angular patterns, and complex knots. 5. Multiple Artists While the Book of Kells may be confidently distinguished as an Insular manuscript, the number of authors is still elusive. â€Å"Within the group of manuscripts produced from insular traditions, there has always been difficulty distinguishing Irish manuscripts from the Anglo-Saxton manuscripts. † (74, Brown) The authors of the Book of Kells could have been from different backgrounds and used different text sources. When comparing the Book of Durrow to the Book of Kells, there is evidence that suggests the Kells’ Gospels are based on more than one manuscript text. 80, Brown) This could suggest that multiple artists worked on the manuscript. The original text could have been lost over the dozens of years it took to complete the Book of Kells. 6. Fact from Fiction Regardless of where the Book of Kells originated or who was involved in its creation, it can validly be identified as a manuscript Insular origins written and illuminated by artistans of the Irish monastaries. Th e strong similarities to other Irish illuminated gospels and the style of decoration supports this theory. Works Cited

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Iran Revolution Essays - Iranian Revolution, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

Iran Revolution Iran is a country located in the Middle East. The main source of income for the country is oil, the one object that had greatly influenced its history. Iran's present government is run as an Islamic Republic. A president, cabinet, judicial branch, and Majilesor or legislative branch, makes up the governmental positions. A revolution that overthrew the monarch, which was set in 1930, lasted over 15 years. Crane Brinton's book, An Anatomy of a Revolution, explains set of four steps a country experiences when a revolution occurs. Symptoms, rising fever, crisis, and convalescence are the steps that occur. The Iranian Revolution followed the four steps in Crane Brinton's theory, symptoms, rising fever, crisis, and convalescence occurred. Numerous symptoms led to the crumbling downfall of Reza Shah Pahlavi, ruler of Iran until 1978. One of these symptoms is rising expectations which can be seen during the 1960's and 70's. The rich Shah cleared the way for the land reform law, enacted in 1962. The land minority had to give up its land to the government, and among those stripped of land, were the Shi'ah Muslims. Iran's power structure was radically changed in a program termed the White Revolution. On January 26, 1963, the White Revolution was endorsed by the nation. By 1971, when land distribution ended, about 2,500,000 families of the farm population benefited from the reforms. From 1960-72 the percentage of owner occupied farmland in Iran rose from 26 to 78 percent. Per capita income rose from $176 in 1960 to $2,500 in 1978. From 1970-77 the gross national product was reported to increase to an annual rate of 7.8% (Iran 896). As a result of this thriving economy, the income gap rapidly widened. Exclusive homes, extravagant restaurants, and night clubs and streets loaded with expensive automobiles served as daily reminders of a growing income spread. This created a perfect environment for many conflicts to arise between the classes. Iran's elite class consisted of wealthy land owners, intelligencia, military leaders, politicians, and diplomats. The Elite continued to support the monarchy and the Shah. The peasants were victim of unfulfilled political expectations, surveillance by the secret police, and the severe social and economic problems that resulted from modernization. The middle class favored socialism over capitalism, because capitalism in their view supported the elite, and does not benefit the lower classes. The middle class was the most changeable element in the group, because they enjoyed some of the privileges of the elite, which they would like to protect. At the same time, they believed that they had been cheated by the elite out of their share of the industrialization wealth (Orwin 43). About this time, the middle class, which included students, technocrats, and modernist professionals, became discontent with the economy. The key event should have further stabilized the royal dictatorship, but the increase in oil prices and oil income beginning in 1974 caused extreme inflation. This was due to the investment strategy followed by the Shah, which led to a spectacular 42% growth rate in 1974. (Cottam 14). And because of the Shah's support structure which enabled the new rich to benefit from inflation, the government effort to deal with inflation was aimless. Poor Iranians and Iranians with a fixed income suffered major losses in real income. Better standards of living were no longer visible. Thus, the majority of the Iranian people developed a revolutionary predisposition. As the middle class became discontent in Iran throughout the 1970's, the desertion of intellectuals could be found in great excess. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini represented much of the discontent of the religious sector of Iran. For speaking out against the Shah's autocratic rule, Khomeini was exiled to Turkey in 1963. In 1965, Khomeini moved to Iraq where he became the central spokesperson for expatriate opposition to the Shah. On October 6, 1978, Khomeini was expelled from Iraq and moved to Paris, where he was accessible to a larger body of opposition forces. He was also accessible to the Western Press. Khomeini preached that he would displace the Shah and expel the foreigners. He also said he would enforce religious and traditional values, and redirect Iran's wealth away from large industrialization schemes and toward reforms needed by the common people. Throughout the 1970's, Khomeini gained tremendous

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Free Essays on Worship Old And New

Worship Old and New Many have spent most of their lives trying to figure out why a God with so much power could waste so much time watching and protecting a species that he created but who have denounced him as Lord and Savior. I have been learning a lot this past semester about my faith and who God is. And I too have wonder why or even how a God like Yahweh, could love some one like me or the rest of the world for that fact. We are sinners and are not worthy to worship or be loved by him, but he still wants us to and he still guards us. Throughout history it seems, as I have stated before, that we are looking to understand why we are here and how God would let us continue to denounce him, but it was interesting to read that some believe that biblical worship is set around a couple of points; it was God who made the first initial step to bring salvation to his fallen creatures and it is the response of the people towards this wondrous God. Still these two points technically do not explain why God would take that â€Å"initiative† step? I understand that it was God who created the world with just word of mouth and it was God who â€Å"breathed the breath of life† into our nostrils†¦but why? The book makes it clear that we were created to worship God, but that seems superfluous to me, why take all that time to create something when you know how it will turn out? I know it probably wrong for me to say that but, that is how my human side sees the picture. On the other hand, my Christians side can jus t caught a glimpse of why and understand, but I suppose that is what we would call â€Å"faith†. It is through this â€Å"faith† that our ancient Christians or simple believers held the LORDS commands in highest standards. By commandments I mean, the sacrificing of the lambs or oxen, etc., the Passover rituals and so forth. Reading this part of the book â€Å"Worship Old and New†, I have come to understand that God of course knew what h... Free Essays on Worship Old And New Free Essays on Worship Old And New Worship Old and New Many have spent most of their lives trying to figure out why a God with so much power could waste so much time watching and protecting a species that he created but who have denounced him as Lord and Savior. I have been learning a lot this past semester about my faith and who God is. And I too have wonder why or even how a God like Yahweh, could love some one like me or the rest of the world for that fact. We are sinners and are not worthy to worship or be loved by him, but he still wants us to and he still guards us. Throughout history it seems, as I have stated before, that we are looking to understand why we are here and how God would let us continue to denounce him, but it was interesting to read that some believe that biblical worship is set around a couple of points; it was God who made the first initial step to bring salvation to his fallen creatures and it is the response of the people towards this wondrous God. Still these two points technically do not explain why God would take that â€Å"initiative† step? I understand that it was God who created the world with just word of mouth and it was God who â€Å"breathed the breath of life† into our nostrils†¦but why? The book makes it clear that we were created to worship God, but that seems superfluous to me, why take all that time to create something when you know how it will turn out? I know it probably wrong for me to say that but, that is how my human side sees the picture. On the other hand, my Christians side can jus t caught a glimpse of why and understand, but I suppose that is what we would call â€Å"faith†. It is through this â€Å"faith† that our ancient Christians or simple believers held the LORDS commands in highest standards. By commandments I mean, the sacrificing of the lambs or oxen, etc., the Passover rituals and so forth. Reading this part of the book â€Å"Worship Old and New†, I have come to understand that God of course knew what h...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Case study(Leadership) Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

(Leadership) - Case Study Example The leader who seeks to bring about organizational changes should understand the need for change, the change processes, implementing change, and possible reactions. Bass (1985 cited in Shackleton 1995, p. 113) and Burns (1978 cited in Shackleton 1995, p. 113) put forth the concept of transformational leadership. In spite of some variations, there is broad agreement in the concept suggested by Bass and Avolio through their "Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ)" and the "Managerial Practices Survey (MPS)" of Yukl, which includes managerial practices such as clarifying, supporting, inspiring and team building. (Tracey and Timothy, 1998). Ultimate Office Products realized that changes in the atmosphere such as intensified competition and heightened consumer expectations called for improvements in customer service such as electronic order processing, tracking and servicing. The company instituted the new department of information systems with Richard Kelly its director. Richard observed many unnecessary activities and bottlenecks were slowing down work processes. He installed new computer workstations and software to speed up and control the processes. However as most departmental heads - Richard's peers resisted change it could not be implemented. The CEO authorized constituting a number of cross-functional teams under Richard to report to a steering committee composed of departmental heads. The task forces were constituted to identify changes required in work processes. An outside consultant was called in to advise the task forces. The 'task forces' met with key customers to understand customer preferences and improve the efficiency of order filling system. They made recommendations to the steering committee often attended by the CEO to emphasize its seriousness. With the cooperation of all departmental heads, the company eliminated many unnecessary processes and within a year, was able to double order processing speed. The 'change for the better' brought about a change in peoples' attitudes too and many of them now volunteer to work on teams that design ways to improve service quality. B. The leaders' behaviour The CEO was able to see the environment driving change: discount merchandisers and office product super-stores altering traditional distribution channels. Manufacturers were challenged with demands for rate cuts and speedier processes for billing and filling orders. This necessitated process automation, which is primarily a change in technology and entailed in the creation of the new department of information. Richard Kelly the director of the new department installed the components for automating processes, the computer workstations and software. However installation of new technology by itself cannot bring about desired changes without making efforts to bring about simultaneous changes in the attitudes, skills and roles of various stakeholders. Richard, was not able to put the equipment to use as some of the key stakeholders, managers from sales, production, accounting, shipping and customer service, who were his peers did

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

4000 Year Old Tomb Discovered in Luxor, Egypt Essay

4000 Year Old Tomb Discovered in Luxor, Egypt - Essay Example The article goes further to reveal that only a month earlier, archeologists had discovered a new tomb in Koba El-Hawa. In this tomb was found nine mummies that are dated to the Late Period. In the same area in which the nine mummies were found, another mummy preserved in a coffin had also been found (Zaki, 2014). Archeologists believe that this mummy lived during the Late Period as well. The discovery of the 4000-year-old tomb would provide more insight into the 11th dynasty and life in the then capital, Thebes. A tomb discovered earlier in the same region that belonged to the 11th dynasty contained a mummy with arches and arrows (Zaki, 2014). This article specifically relates to anthropology and course material in that it touches on ancient Egyptian culture, and the archeological race in Egypt. Through archeological findings such as ancient tombs, the remains of mummies and the artifacts with which they were buried, anthropologists get to deduce cultural practices of a people and their behavior. For example, in the case of the new tombs that have been found in Egypt, anthropologists get to understand the different dynasties that were established in Egypt at different points in time and how important people (such as kings and princes) were treated when they died. The way royalties were buried in Egypt hint to the fact that ancient Egyptians believed in an afterlife; they believed that a dead king/pharaoh continued his rein in another world the reason behind which they were buried with such things as arrows, pottery, and utensils. The article provides news that is of great importance to members of the public. The article which serves to inform members of the public about new discoveries in Egypt may draw people to tour the archeological sites. The discovery of new tombs in Egypt possibly opens the door for the deeper understanding of ancient Egyptian culture and religion.  Ã‚  

Monday, November 18, 2019

Dis Post Poll 211 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dis Post Poll 211 7 - Essay Example Modern societies also exhibit social structural differentiation with distinct definitions of political and national institutions. Modern societies also have a differentiated political structure and secularized political culture. Many modern societies are in a position to advance the political system of a society (Crain 67). Promoters of the modernization theory highlight that modernization occurs in phases. The five phases include the existence of a traditional society, the emergence of preconditions for takeoff, the real takeoff process, the drive to maturity, and finally the emergence of a high content consumption society. Modernization theorists reveal that the process began in Europe and America. The modernization process is highly transformative. The modernization process has been moving to the traditional societies in other continents. However, the completion of the process will take a long time. Other theories such as the theory of dependency and the theory of world systems do not explain the existence of income gaps effectively. For example, the theory of dependency cannot explain why countries such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China have the highest level of economic growth, yet they do not appear in the list of the developed countries (He 34). In addition, the theory of globalization does not explain why there is increasing income inequality in both developed and developing

Friday, November 15, 2019

Importance of Womens Empowerment in India

Importance of Womens Empowerment in India Abstract- In India, The realities of rural life in India are difficult to comprehend. We are now witnessing a steady improvement in the enrolment of women in schools, colleges and even in profession institutes. Their health is better as compared to earlier decades. In this decade, women are entering into the job market in increasing numbers field showing their skills even in non-traditional sectors like police, defence, administration, media and research fields. In the political field, the reservation for women is a significant step forward towards their political empowerment. When thirty-three percent reservations for women in Parliament becomes a reality, womens voice will be heard in the highest forum of democracy. The day, women of India will reach zenith in their empowerment. People were not allowed to share own property, they did not have a Share in the property of their parents, they had no voting rights, and they had no freedom to choose their work or job and so on. The prese nt seminar has been planned with a view to discuss the various issues related to the Empowerment of Women and to suggest measures for achieving this end. In India population according to the 2001 Census, the percentage of female literacy in the country is 54% up from 9% 1951. In order to help women to be in popular, they necessary to be empowered. There is a condition for empowerment of women is to the transform a developing country into a developed country. In this paper we are highlighting that in India country womens strength is critical and we explain the critical value of women how improve their value status for some ways. Keywords- Economics, Status, NGO, PEP, Improving, CEDAW, Introduction In the empowerment of women include many things economic opportunity, social equality, and personal rights. Women were deprived of those human rights, often as a matter of tradition. In rural areas, women are generally not perceived to have any meaningful income generation capacity, and hence, they are relegated mainly to household duties and cheap labour. We are now witnessing a steady improvement in the enrolment of women in schools, colleges and even in profession institutes. Their health is better as compared to earlier decades. In this decade, women are entering into the job market in increasing numbers. They are showing their skills even in non-traditional sectors like police, defence, administration, media and research fields. Twenty-six laws have been enacted so far to protect women from various crimes [7]. In particular define empowerment is depend just like that power cannot change if power cannot be change. If this is inherent in neither positions or nor people, then empo werment impossible, nor is empowerment conceivable in any meaningful way. Bookman morgen et.al [5] in 1984 defining that empowerment status of women level on that time, women level on that only born child and work at home [4] VARA LAXMI is definition in an article way by A Sustainable approach for Women Empowerment through Micro-finance, the micro-credit or micro-finance has got much avowed attention among government circles, voluntary sector and the academia. More importantly after the success of Bangladeshs Grameen Bank started by Prof Mahammad Yunus who bestowed with the Nobel Peace prize for 2006, for the efforts to create economic and social development from below. There is also mounting evidence to show that the availability of financial services for poor households such as micro-finance -can empower the rural people to achieve their goals and enhance their lives accordingly. It is assumed that womens control over income will lead to increased well-being for women and their children. This individual economic empowerment is also assumed to lead to wider social and political empowerment. [8] NGO plays an important for role for improving empowerment. This Asian-foundation organization two running program MDG-3 (Gender, Equality and women empowerment) the convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) for women empowerment. CONCEPT In India, the empowerment process has already begun. For centuries women were not treated equal to men in many ways. While a small minority of people in major cities have benefited from the information revolution of the past decade, the lives of most people in rural India (over 650 million) have hardly improved. Now that we have come out of those dark days of oppression of women there is a need for strong movement to fight for the rights of women and to ensure that they get all the rights which men have or in other words a movement for the Empowerment of Women. Twenty-six laws have been enacted so far to protect women from various crimes. These are very positive signs which imply that women can be leaders. Though some women have shown their mettle yet a large number of them have to sharpen their leadership qualities in various ways. The recent law on the protection of women against domestic violence satisfies the long pending demand of the women activities. But a lot of work has to b e done as there is a category of women (who consider themselves highly educated) that proudly accepts that they dont have digital literacy even though they own a computer, they cannot even operate bank accounts or make travel arrangements for family or handle hospital admissions even during emergencies. Even for a simple task like social visits or shopping generally they need the company of their husbands. Women should remember that they are also rational, intelligent and thinking human beings. Dependent women are not empowered women. If modern women think that they are empowered, its a myth for them. Empowerment means to inspire women with the courage to break free from the chains of limiting beliefs, patterns and societal or religious conditions that have traditionally kept women suppressed and unable to realize their true beauty and power. Different Levels of Empowerment In line with most theorists on empowerment the one has to view empowerment as taking place on different levels and that change on all levels is necessary if the empowerment of women is really to occur. We have to relate empowerment at three levels: empowerment on the individual, group, and societal/community level and the interaction between these. The individual level deals with individual womens abilities to take control over their lives, their perceptions about their own value and abilities, their abilities to identify a goal and work towards this goal. The group level deals with the collective action and sense of agency that woman experience together, in a group. The societal level deals with the permissiveness of the political and social climate, the societal norms and the public discourse on what is possible and impossible for women to do, how women should behave etc. The different levels are seen as connected and mutually reinforcing, e.g. when empowerment on individual level occurs, this will have effect on the group and societal level. Women who are empowered on an individual level will most likely go on and affect the other levels. Empowerment on a group level e.g. women organizing around a particular need is likely to have effect on the individual empowerment of the women in the form of increased self esteem and sense of agency. Historical Background of Women Empowerment in India The status of Women in India has been subject to many great changes over the past few millenniums. In early Vedic period Women enjoyed equal status with men. Rigved Upanishads mention several names of women sages and seers notably Gargi Maà ®tre. However later the status of women began to deteriorate approximately from 500 B.C., the situation worsened with invasion of Mughals and later on by European invaders. Few improvement movements by Guru Nanak, Jainism, Raja ram Mohan Rai, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Pandita Ramabai and others did give some relief. It is not that Britishers didnt do anything for improving the condition of women. Some laws were enacted such an Abolition of practice of Sati, Widow Remarriage Act 1856 etc.Feminist activism picked up momentum in India during later 1970s. Later on many groups and NGOs have been working for the Empowerment of women. We are proud that in India Women got voting right much before USA and some other European countries. Empowerment of Women in Rural India Today The realities of rural life in India are difficult to comprehend. While a small minority of people in major cities have benefited from the information revolution of the past decade, the lives of most people in rural India (over 650 million) have hardly improved. A majority of villages do not have sustainable economies, and only through oppression of women and lower castes can the landlords, upper castes, and government officials support a better life for themselves. Private initiatives are lacking as the government, to preserve its power, has placed obstacles and disincentives at every step. For example, modern healthcare for all of rural India is a free government service, but the reality is that the delivery of primary health care has failed miserably. A number of charitable institutions and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have played a positive role, often assisted by government grants and foreign donations [2]. NGO, s and civil society at large in order to use the research document as a springboard to launch a sustained advocacy strategy to achieve the MDG-3 target of 33% of women in parliament. Our operating premise is that improving, economic and political opportunities for women improve societies as a whole. The foundation seeks to identify change agents build constituencies for reform around key issues affecting womens states and promote internal efforts to identify and solve problems [8]. Empowerment of women involves many things economic opportunity, social equality, and personal rights. Women are deprived of these human rights, often as a matter of tradition. In rural areas, women are generally not perceived to have any meaningful income generation capacity, and hence, they are relegated mainly to household duties and cheap labour. Without the power to work and earn a good income, their voices are silenced. Even in matters of sex and child bearing, women often do not have the ability to oppose the wishes of their men. Birth control and reproductive health of women are behavioural issues affected mostly by economics, access to health care, and education. Until this reality is accepted, the desired changes may not be attainable in the foreseeable future. In a society where men control the destiny of women, how is it possible to empower women? Simply encouraging women to resist the wishes of men would not only fail, but would create mistrust of any goodwill attempts from the outside to help rural communities. Women will gain power only when both men and women begin to respect and accept the contribution of women. Developing womens capacity for income generation without threatening men is key. Two Stories (First story) First story based on The George Foundation placed in Bangalore, India and founded in 1995, was established to help alleviate poverty, promote health and a clean environment, and to strengthen democratic institutions and values in India. We have come to know of the following two events, among many others, in the course of our work with the families of the children in our boarding school, Shanti Bhavan. The first case involves a young pretty mother who was living with her son in a small hut. Her husband had earlier abandoned her, and she was not able to return to her parents as they considered her unworthy. One morning, she accompanied two men from the city who promised employment for her in the Middle East following an interview at an office somewhere, only to be gang raped and then returned to her village after a few days. Her absence was noticed by her neighbours, who blamed her for the outcome and accused her for the separation from her husband. Feeling shame, and finding that she could no longer live in the community, she set herself on fire with kerosene. Second story The second story is about a middle-aged woman whose husband had more than one wife, a common practice in rural India though not officially allowed. One of his wives contracted AIDS somehow, and while her illness had become generally known, he continued to have sexual relationship with his other wives. He made no effort to medically test or to take adequate protection measures for himself or his other women, and soon all involved contracted the disease. These two real life stories represent the endless number of lives lost from ignorance, the low status of women and their inability to control their destiny. Some example work improving reason for failure Dharmapuri District in Tamil Nadu State, India, has been identified as one of the most backward districts in the nation in terms of health and development. This District is remote and the project described below is carried out in an area about 24 kilometres from the nearest city, Hosur. Infrequent and irregular public transport hinders quick access to government emergency health services. Education facilities are limited to government primary schools of poor quality, and the nearest high school is located 10-15 kilometres from many of the villages served by The George Foundations projects [1]. Reason: In Dharmapuri District the Foundation has attempted to facilitate the development of a model community consisting of several villages that prosper from sustainable and integrated economic activities. Health and education facilities are being renovated, and economic opportunities are being shared, especially among the socially disadvantaged castes and women [1]. In this article Transitioning from a command and control culture to employee empowerment requires a commitment to long-term change. Too often, management fads and quick fixes in the name of empowerment have been implemented rather than relevant changes in management systems, structures, and cultural values. To be successful, empowerment must be seen as a long-term program of employee participation and involve-ment.but this type of program cannot run for long time [10]. Why is there still a Need for Women Empowerment? In spite of the various measures taken up by the government after Independence and even during British rule the Women havent been fully empowered. We may be proud of women in India occupying highest offices of President, Prime Minister, Lok Sabha Speaker, Sonia Gandhi, and Leader of the Opposition or women like Ms. Chandra Kochar occupying highest positions in the Corporate Sector but the fact remains that we still witness dowry deaths, domestic violence and exploitation of women. Some create history in space sport like Sunita Williams Saina Nehwal, Sania Mirza Anju Bobby George The female feticide is common phenomenon. The male female ratio though improved over last few years is still far from satisfactory. It is 940 women per 1000 men for India in some states it is as much lower as 877. These are the states where female feticide is maximum. The female literacy rate is also lower than the male literacy rate. The ground reality is deprivation, duration and exploitation of women sp ecially women from rural areas and those belonging to deprived sectors of the society. The Urban à ©lite class women have no doubt been benefitted by the efforts of women empowerment. IV. Way of Improving Empowerment of poor women in India The World Bank has been the major source of external funding through loans to governments (never directly to private institutions) for specific projects. Very few projects have ever met their goals; in fact, most rural projects have been dismal failures. Unbearable bureaucracy, terrible inefficiency, and corruption at all levels of the government have wasted much of the money allocated to rural development. Furthermore, the local officials who manage projects that target women do not themselves believe in the potential of women. Yet the process continues, without an alternative. International agencies continue to pour money into these programs, only to benefit the middlemen. Clearly, a new approach is required to have an impact on the lives of women in rural India, and to ultimately help stabilize population growth [1]. In this article the people empowering People (PEP) program uses the definition of empowerment to connect research, theory and practice. The PEP program builds on theo ry of critical adult education developed by Friere (1970), Horton (1989), and others. The focus is on the connection between individual action and community action encourages individual change through training sessions and discussions and supporting action through participants give people the opportunities, resources and support that they need to become involved themselves [7]. Nanette Page review in own article about PEP, empowerment as a multi-dimensional social process that helps people gain control over their own lives. In PEP as in we strive to teach people skills and knowledge that will motivate them to take steps to improve their own lives-to be empowered [3]. President Pratibha Patil said that women empowerment is of utmost importance if we want womens progress. He said Creating the environment which imparts equal status to women in family, society and country is the sole motive behind various facets of programmes being run for women empowerment. We have to work towards maki ng them able to take their own decisions, .Stressing on the importance of education, the President said, Education is the first tool of empowerment. Right to Education, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan have ensured that education is available to children between the age group of six and 14. Be it a boy or girl, every child must get education. It is these educated women who can in turn educate other women and teach them independence and self-confidence [9]. In this report develop the empowerment improving mater from Financial Inclusion. MasterCard embarked on an initiative to further the process of womens empowerment in the country in partnership with SEWA (Self Employed Womens Association). SEWA is a leading Indian organization that works towards helping women in securing employment opportunities, empowering them to be self-reliant with supportive services. I had the unique privilege of participating in SEWAs activities and witness their success first hand at the recent inauguration of the se venth Rural Urban Development Initiative (RUDI) processing centre at Bodeli, near Vadodara, Gujarat supported by MasterCard. Through this program we will provide full-time employment opportunities for women in 100 adjoining villages to begin with and will expand to a catchment of 300 to 500 villages in Gujarat. This will help benefit approximately 2,000 farmers and 400 SEWA members [11]. Womens Economic Empowerment through Co-operative Farming, Vocational Training Business Development Due to the lack of specific implementation plans and faulty representations, local communities have not adequately accepted government and private schemes for the upliftment of women. Women have not actively participated in their own emancipation due to their lack of economic independence and rampant illiteracy. Therefore, The George Foundation decided to address this important issue of womens empowerment in India by raising the status of women in Hosur Taluk through economic empowerment and education. Krishnagiri District is the most backward district in Tamil Nadu. In the geographical location selected, there are no high schools, no private schools, inadequate primary health sub-centres, and no NGOs. Roads, water supply, drainage and communication network are inadequate to augment economic development. Fragmented land holdings are not conducive to commercial farming. Child labour is rampant in this socially backward area. Population statistics of our country clearly indicate that quality education is out of the reach of the poor and marginalized irrespective of their innate potential. Women are often exploited by their communities. They have very little voice and no knowledge or means of improving their social and economic status. In the villages of the area, the caste system is deeply entrenched. The lower caste colonies are ostracized and basic facilities are denied to them. Female infanticide is a common practice and women are punished socially for bearing girl Children Gender biases are very evident in the preferential treatment given to the male child. Rain-dependent agriculture, home-based animal husbandry, silkworm rearing and brick making are the main income generating activities. Fisheries, horticulture and industries have been established in a few select areas such as Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri and House. Rural folk find it difficult to travel to these cities in search of jobs. The average family income level is below the poverty line. One of the popular schemes employed by several NGOs, and supported by some international and bilateral agencies, is the so-called micro-finance or small loans that usually range up to $100 (Rs. 5,000) per woman to start some form of business. Notable successes have been recorded, and the program has received considerable world attention. Most poor women entrepreneurs are said to have been able to make their businesses successful, and repay the loan. However, our experience in this area with lower caste poor women has been somewhat different. Poor women, especially from backward communities and lower castes, are mostly illiterate, untrained, and have very little social and economic status. In India, there are over 350 million such people, mainly in rural areas. The unemployed are nearly 200 million people, a great majority of them belonging to these deprived sections of the society. Without meaningful skills, social status, and economic power, they are unable to do any business on their own even with financial assistance. To start even a small rural business, it takes no less than $500. According to some studies conducted by the Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, Ahmadabad, the average capital need for a one-person small business is in excess of Rs. 1 lakh ($2,000). Further, the chance of making any business successful is very small the odds are barely 1 in hundred for an educated person. Uneducated lower caste rural women find it almost impossible to starting any such entrepreneurial work without adequate capital, proper training, and on-site daily support. Based on our understanding of the problem faced in our rural community, we have devised a scheme for empowering poor and socially deprived women. The key ingredients of this program can be summarized as follows: Adequate training in an area where the women have natural abilities and understanding (for example, farming and cattle rearing) Use of superior technology to obtain better output and higher profits (modern farming techniques, such as use of proper fertilizers, deep ploughing, drip irrigation, etc.) Creation of financial assets through savings (from profits generated from sale of produce, over and above wages received) Ownership of physical assets (use of financial assets to buying cultivable land  ½ acre per family) Sharing of resources such as wells, tractor, etc. among several farmers Provide a support system that addresses concerns, difficulties, know-how, etc. Access to information and markets (knowing what high-value crop to grow and when, which markets offer higher prices on a given day, tie up export contracts, etc.) Only when these requirements can be met, we believe poor illiterate rural women can be expected to turn into entrepreneurs. The George Foundation has purchased/least 250 acres of land. An executive committee composed of representatives of The George Foundation, village panchayats, and agricultural consultants has been formed. Under its direction, the soil is being prepared for crop cultivation. Superior seeds of selected crops have been purchased. The panchayats members are highly motivated about this project.People from the surrounding villages is participating in the preparation of the land for farming. This program will be expanded to cover the neighbouring state of Karnataka in its later stages. Members of the village panchayats, the village administrative officer and the block development officer have been with the project from its planning stage. The geographic community and the community of beneficiaries, particularly poor rural women, were involved in planning and implementation of the project. Changing Social Institutions to Improve the Status of Women in Developing Countries Figure 1 highlight how social institutions affect the economic role of women, i.e. their chances to have access to the labour market and to better paid and more qualified jobs such as professional workers, technicians, administrators and managers. Social institutions can exert their influence in two ways. Traditions, customs and social norms can constrain womens activities directly by not allowing them to start their own businesses, by refusing them jobs that involve contact with or managing men, or by simply not allowing them to leave the home alone. All these direct factors lead to an exclusion of women from entrepreneurial activities that are often the first step towards independence, self-esteem and liberty of choices. Morrison and Jutting (2004) analyse empirically the relationships between social institutions and the economic role of women. They measure the depth of discrimination caused by social institutions with economic (ECO) and non-economic (NON-ECO) indicators (for expl anation, see Box 1). They find that the higher the value for ECO and NON-ECO variables the lower the probability that women will play an active role in the economy. A further econometric analysis puts into question the widely believed view that a rise in income will generally facilitate womens access to the labour market [2]. Figure-1 Conclusions The Empowerment of women has become one of the most important Concerns of 21st century not only at national level but also at the international level. Efforts by the Govt. are on to ensure Gender equality but Government initiatives alone would not be sufficient to achieve this goal. Society must take initiative to create a climate in which there is no gender discrimination and Women have full opportunities of Self decision making and participating in the Social, Political and Economic life of the Country with a sense of equality. Then only the Vedic verse Wherever Women is respected, God resides there would come true. The best gift parents today can give to their daughters is education. If women choose to be ignorant then all the efforts taken by the Government and women activists will go in vain. Even in twenty-fifth century, they will remain backward and will be paying a heavy price for their dependence, so, it is a wake-up call for women to awake from their deep slumber and unders tand the true meaning of their empowerment. In the end I would like to conclude with the following words, Women as the motherhood of the nation should be strong, aware and alert. Despite the difficulties that are likely to be encountered, we believe it is possible to bring about major improvements to the lives of women in rural India. Well-planned and properly managed private initiatives can succeed in empowering women, provided the approach taken is sufficiently holistic. The time has come to go beyond small pilot projects that hardly ever lead to major undertakings. There has been much needless suffering for too long by a majority of the worlds population. It would be a noble and worthwhile effort to prove the concept on a large scale, probably for several million people in an area. That would require considerable organizational skills and management talent, with a clear focus on accomplishing set goals in a time-bound fashion. The success of such a program would be the model that international funding agencies and philanthropic institutions can build upon, and serve as a departure to the failed policies and programs of the past.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Dr. John Henry doc Holliday :: essays research papers

On August 14, 1851 in Griffin, Georgia, John Henry Holliday was born to Henry Burroughs and Alice Jane Holliday. Their first child, Martha Eleanora, had died on June 12, 1850 at six months of age. When he married Alice Jane McKay on January 8, 1849, Henry Burroughs was a druggist by trade and, later became a wealthy planter, lawyer, and during the War between the States, a Confederate Major. Church records state: "John Henry, infant son of Henry B. and Alice J. Holliday, received the ordinance of baptism on Sunday, March 21, 1852, at the First Presbyterian Church in Griffin." Alice Jane died on September 16, 1866. This was a terrible blow to young John Henry for he and his mother were very close. To compound this loss, his father married Rachel Martin only three months later on December 18, 1886. Shortly after this marriage, the Holliday family moved to Valdosta, Georgia. Major Holliday quickly became one of the town's leading citizens, becoming Mayor, the Secretary of the County Agricultural Society, a Member of the Masonic Lodge, the Secretary of the Confederate Veterans Camp, and the Superintendent of local elections. Because of his family status, John Henry had to choose some sort of profession and he chose dentistry. He enrolled in dental school in 1870 and attended his first lecture session in 1870-1872. Each lecture session lasted a little over three months. He served his required two years apprenticeship under Dr. L.F. Frank. On March 1, 1872, the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery in Philadelphia conferred the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery upon twenty-six men, one of whom was John Henry Holliday. Upon completion of his training and graduation, Dr. Holliday opened an office with a Dr. Arthur C. Ford in Atlanta in 1872. Then, because of the session of the Southern Dental Association, Dr. Arthur C. Ford, D.D.A. was unable to serve patients, until the middle of August. Taking his place was Doc Holliday. John was a good dentist, but shortly after starting his practice, he discovered that he had contracted tuberculosis. Although he consulted a number of doctors, the consensus of all was that he had only months to live. However, they all concurred that he might add a few months to his life if he moved to a dry climate. Following this advice, Doc packed up and headed West. His first stop was in Dallas, Texas, the end of the railroad at the time. Dr. John Henry doc Holliday :: essays research papers On August 14, 1851 in Griffin, Georgia, John Henry Holliday was born to Henry Burroughs and Alice Jane Holliday. Their first child, Martha Eleanora, had died on June 12, 1850 at six months of age. When he married Alice Jane McKay on January 8, 1849, Henry Burroughs was a druggist by trade and, later became a wealthy planter, lawyer, and during the War between the States, a Confederate Major. Church records state: "John Henry, infant son of Henry B. and Alice J. Holliday, received the ordinance of baptism on Sunday, March 21, 1852, at the First Presbyterian Church in Griffin." Alice Jane died on September 16, 1866. This was a terrible blow to young John Henry for he and his mother were very close. To compound this loss, his father married Rachel Martin only three months later on December 18, 1886. Shortly after this marriage, the Holliday family moved to Valdosta, Georgia. Major Holliday quickly became one of the town's leading citizens, becoming Mayor, the Secretary of the County Agricultural Society, a Member of the Masonic Lodge, the Secretary of the Confederate Veterans Camp, and the Superintendent of local elections. Because of his family status, John Henry had to choose some sort of profession and he chose dentistry. He enrolled in dental school in 1870 and attended his first lecture session in 1870-1872. Each lecture session lasted a little over three months. He served his required two years apprenticeship under Dr. L.F. Frank. On March 1, 1872, the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery in Philadelphia conferred the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery upon twenty-six men, one of whom was John Henry Holliday. Upon completion of his training and graduation, Dr. Holliday opened an office with a Dr. Arthur C. Ford in Atlanta in 1872. Then, because of the session of the Southern Dental Association, Dr. Arthur C. Ford, D.D.A. was unable to serve patients, until the middle of August. Taking his place was Doc Holliday. John was a good dentist, but shortly after starting his practice, he discovered that he had contracted tuberculosis. Although he consulted a number of doctors, the consensus of all was that he had only months to live. However, they all concurred that he might add a few months to his life if he moved to a dry climate. Following this advice, Doc packed up and headed West. His first stop was in Dallas, Texas, the end of the railroad at the time.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Muslim Immigration

The sentiments supporting Muslim immigration into this country misses one important aspect of the Islam faith. Their Quran teaches annihilation of all kafir civilizations (that's us). Deadly anti-Christian attacks are commonplace in the Muslim world; over 2,000 in just the last three years, including church bombings and the slaughter of any who refused to convert to Islam. At a time when we need to be alerted to these dangers, political and religious leaders, as well as the media, are instead joining the Muslim Brotherhood-manufactured battle against â€Å"Islamophobia.† In the face of the Islam-inspired genocide of Christians, this strikes me as a grotesque inversion of priorities. I put â€Å"Islamophobia† in quotes because a phobia is an irrational fear. If you check history, including recent history, people should have reasonable fear of authentic Islam. These true historical facts, were all by Muslims:1968, Robert Kennedy, shot/killed.1972, Munich Olympics, Israeli athletes kidnapped/massacred.1972, Pan Am 747, Cairo. Hijacked/blown up.1973, Pan Am 707, grenade attack. Rome. 33 killed.1979, Iranian US Embassy takeover.1980's, Americans kidnapped. Lebanon.1983, Beirut. US Marine barracks blown up.1985, cruise ship Achille-Lauro hijacked, 70-year-old American passenger thrown overboard in his wheelchair.1985, TWA Flight 847, hijacked. Athens, US Navy Diver, rescuing passengers, murdered1988, Pan Am Flight 103, bombed.1993, World Trade Center, bombed (first time).1998, US Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, bombed.2001, four airliners hijacked/crashed. World Trade Center/Pentagon. Thousands killed.2002, US fought Afghanistan war against Muslims.2002, reporter Daniel Pearl, kidnapped/beheaded.2013, Boston Marathon bombing, four killed, 264 injured.2015 Chattanooga, Tennessee military center, five killed2015 Inland Regional Center, San Bern ardino, California, 14 killed2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, 49 killed, more wounded2017 — New York, eight pedestrians killed/dozen injured near World Trade CenterRegrettably, singular focus on terroristic atrocities are misleading. It feeds into the narrative that the threat of Islam is limited to a handful of extremists. But, there is a much bigger problem: widespread and unrelenting persecution of Christians and Jews is found in every Muslim society and in Europe. The attitude of Muslims toward non-Muslims is not one of hate, fear, or envy, but rather contempt. The pervasive nature of the persecution, including discrimination, intimidation, rapes, abductions, forced conversions and the destruction of homes/churches, suggests that it stems from the core texts and teachings of mainstream Islam itself, not a distortion of Islam. Muslims have not misinterpreted Islam †¦ more likely the misunderstood are those who, though well-intentioned, have no real-life experience of Islam. Islam is presented as a religion of peace and justice, not unlike Christianity. But, Muslims and Christians do not share a common faith. These misguided statements aren't based on teachings nor history of Islam, but ignorance. Read the Quran yourself. This aggressively, anti-Western culture which has a hold on Europe was enabled by immigration policies based on an uncritical view of Islam. Europeans, naively assuming Muslims would assimilate to Western values, are forced to acclimate to Islamic values— polygamy, misogyny, honor violence, female genital mutilation and anti-Semitism. Jews are fleeing Europe in numbers unseen since the Nazi era. With just 4 million Muslims in the 66 million UK population, there are over 3,000 mosques, 130 Sharia courts, 50 Sharia councils, numerous â€Å"no-go† areas, approximately 70 percent of Muslims on free benefits/housing, and Muslim mayors in leading cities. Europeans are losing their civilization, not because they are â€Å"Islamophobic,† but, because of ignorance of Islam. They obediently accepted the â€Å"peaceful† depiction of Islam, presented to them by social and governmental elites, and are paying the price. Hijrah is the takeover of a nation without going to war. Never before has our immigration policy threatened our current way of life, Republican form of government, and our moral base. It's sobering. Yet, our clergy, political leaders and media are guilty of promoting the same pleasant picture of Islam and immigration that has thrown Europe into chaos. We need to correct our course fast.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Present Simple Worksheets for ESL Students

Present Simple Worksheets for ESL Students The present simple takes the following forms: Present Simple Positive Form Review Subject present simple form of verb objects Examples: Alison often watches TV after dinner.They play golf on Saturdays. Present Simple Negative Form Subject do/does not verb objects Examples: Jack doesnt spend much time on reading.They dont eat meat on Fridays. Present Simple Question Form (Question Word) do/does subject verb? Examples: What do you do after work?How often do you eat out? Important Notes The verb to be does not take the auxiliary verb do in the question or negative form. Examples: She is a teacher.I am from Seattle.Are you married? Time Expressions With Present Simple Adverbs of Frequency The following adverbs of frequency are often used with the present simple to express how often someone does something habitually. Remember that present simple is used to express daily routines and habits. These adverbs of frequency are listed from most frequent to least frequent. Adverbs of frequency are placed directly before the main verb. alwaysusuallyoftensometimesoccasionallyrarelynever Days of the Week and Times of the Day Days of the week are often used with s to indicate that someone does something regularly on a specific day of the week. Times of the day are used to express when someone usually does something. Notice that at is used with night, but in with other periods during the day. Finally, at is used with specific times during the day. Examples: I play golf on Saturdays.She gets up early in the morning.Tom catches the bus at 7.30 a.m. Present Simple Worksheet 1 Conjugate the verb in parentheses  using the form  indicated. In the case of questions, use the indicated subject as well. I usually _____ (get up) at six oclock.How often _____ (she go) to the gym to workout?They _____ (be) from Holland.Jack _____ (not work) in the city.Where _____ (he live)?Alison _____ (visit) her friends on Saturdays.They _____ (not eat) meat on Fridays._____ (you play) tennis?Susan often _____ (drive) to the beach when the weather is nice.Eric _____ (not read) in Japanese.When _____ (she have) dinner?I _____ (take) a shower before I leave for work.How _____ (you start) this machine?He _____ (not work) on Sundays.Sharon rarely _____ (watch) TV.We occasionally _____ (take) the train to Seattle.Peter _____ (not like) buying food in supermarkets.Why _____ (they leave) work so late on Fridays?You sometimes _____ (do) housework._____ (she speak) Russian? Present Simple Worksheet 2 Choose the correct time expression used with the  present simple tense. I sleep in late on (Saturday / Saturdays).How (much / often) do you visit your friends in Chicago?Jennifer doesnt catch the bus (in/at) 8 in the morning.Henry enjoys playing golf (in/at) the afternoon.Do they eat fish (in/on) Fridays?I usually have my meetings (on/at) 10 am.Susan doesnt like going out (at/on) Fridays.Our class (usually/usual) takes tests on Tuesdays.The teacher gives us notes (after/while) class.Sharon doesnt go to be before 11 pm (in/at) night.Where do they usually hold meetings (at/in) the morning?Tom (rare/rarely) gets up early on Sundays.We dont enjoy eating breakfast before six (at/in) the morning.Our parents (occasion/occasionally) catch a train to the city.She doesnt use a computer (at/in) night.Alexander has lunch (on/at) noon.David doesnt work (at/on) Tuesdays.They listen to classical music (in/at) the afternoon.Mary answers her e-mail on (Friday/Fridays).How often do you travel (in/on) Tuesdays? Answer Keys Present Simple Worksheet 1 I usually  get up  at six oclock.How often  does she go  to the gym to workout?They  are  from Holland.Jack  doesnt work  in the city.Where  does he live?Alison  visits  her friends on Saturdays.They  dont eat  meat on Fridays.Do you play  tennis?Susan often  drives  to the beach when the weather is nice.Eric  doesnt read  in Japanese.When  does she have  dinner?I  take  a shower before I leave for work.How  do you start  this machine?He  doesnt work  on Sundays.Sharon rarely  watches  TV.We occasionally  take  the train to Seattle.Peter  doesnt like  buying food in supermarkets.Why  do they leave  work so late on Fridays?You sometimes  do  housework.Does she speak  Russian? Present Simple Worksheet 2 I sleep in late on  Saturdays.How  often  do you visit your friends in Chicago?Jennifer doesnt catch the bus  at  8 in the morning.Henry enjoys playing golf  in  the afternoon.Do they eat fish  on  Fridays?I usually have my meetings  at  10 am.Susan doesnt like going out  on  Fridays.Our class  usually  takes tests on Tuesdays.The teacher gives us notes  after  class.Sharon doesnt go to be before 11 pm  at  night.Where do they usually hold meetings  in  the morning?Tom  rarely  gets up early on Sundays.We dont enjoy eating breakfast before six  in  the morning.Our parents  occasionally  catch a train to the city.She doesnt use a computer  at  night.Alexander has lunch  at  noon.David doesnt work  on  Tuesdays.They listen to classical music  in  the afternoon.Mary answers her e-mail on  Fridays.How often do you travel  on  Tuesdays?

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Lol

Lol Daniel is a starving student and is awaiting the start of the snowboarding season in Tahoe. He receives student loans checks for every quarter, however he will need to squeeze his wallet if he wants to go with his buddies. The cost of rental and life ticket is quite expensive. One of Daniel's main costs, is the amount of money Daniel spends on his dates with his girlfriend. After careful calculation, Daniel figured that he mush spend, on average per day, less than $4.54. An amount, which he felt would give him the least amount of money needed, while keeping his relationship intact. From the credit statements and checkbook balance sheet, Daniel was able to find the average amount he had been spending on the past 61 rendezvous he has had with his girlfriend, which worked out to about $4.53, and he was able to call his creditor to find his established average money spent per day which was $4.60Daniel Buren

Monday, November 4, 2019

What is the Communicative approach to Language Learning Outline the Essay

What is the Communicative approach to Language Learning Outline the learning theories on which it is based - Essay Example So, now learning English for any professional or a student has become mandatory to excel in the selected trade. There are a number of ways a language that is usually foreign to students is taught. Language expertise or even little knowledge to communicate properly or rather thoroughly express is the intension. It is well known that human psychologist say a topic or a subject is well remembered or understood when it is taught in an interactive format for that matter in a communicative approach. Students were previously taught with the aid of audio media such as cassettes which spell the language and some times even translate the grammar of the foreign language. They were known as audio lingual and grammar translation methods. These did not give learning an enough realistic feeling that is they could not teach real time usage that is appropriate social language, gestures, expressions and were not able to communicate in the culture of the language studied. Slowly a new approach to teach foreign language has mushroomed in 1970s and it was named communicative-style of teaching where usage of authentic language and classroom exchanges took place. Students here were made to communicate with fellow students and teachers with mock situations being created. Language interaction is explained asâ€Å"Language is interaction; it is interpersonal activity and has a clean relationship with the society. In this light , language study has to look at the use of language context, both its linguistic context(what is uttered before and after a given piece of discourse) and its social or situational, context (who is speaking, what their social roles are, why they have come together to speak).† (Berns, 1984) A teacher or an instructor would have already planned the schedule to follow and practice exercises. Here the focus is basically on implementing the procedures to learn the language rather than talking in it. The schedule scheduled needs to be practiced in pairs for the sake

Friday, November 1, 2019

Gender and Mentoring Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gender and Mentoring - Research Paper Example Female are more in to talking things out and expressing their feeling to maintain a healthy mentor and student relationship. Even when they have conversation with student of same gender they always try to build a new relation. Mentor-selection process is whether to be mentored by a man or a woman, The research on gender and mentoring has found that there are consistent differences in mentoring relationships between males and females but I don’t think gender is really matter because I’ve had mentors in different fields of different genders, It’s about shared values more than anything, I haven’t found gender to matter at all cause what’s mattered to me is someone’s perspective—how able are they to see the big picture and their performance. Ensher, E.A., & Murphy, S.E., The Mentoring Relationship Challenges Scale: The impact of mentoring stage, type, and gender, Journal of Vocational Behavior (2010),

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Retrieval Medicine in Paramedics area( Case study 2) Essay

Retrieval Medicine in Paramedics area( Case study 2) - Essay Example A thorough and more subsequent examination presents and ensures that enough information is acquired prior to prescribing a particular treatment for the patient’s condition. The initial step is to ascertain the cause and identify management options and goals for pre-hospital treatment. Conferring to the prior description of the findings, it is evident that the patient is under stark pain from the kick sustained from the bull. This is explained by the tightening of the abdominal muscles. The abdominal rigidity is obviously caused by the prior injury sustained for kick. This spontaneous body reaction automatically happens to aid in averting the discomfort that might be instigated by pressure on the abdomen. The flail segment on right lateral chest wall with dyspnea indicates that the patient has difficulty in breathing patients, thus, the preliminary method to assessment starts by the evaluation of breathing, the airway, and circulation. The patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale or GCS shows a score of 15, which is pretty much normal and the SpO2 level, is regular as well depicting the patient’s high level of consciousness. The patient’s state of dyspnea can be attributed to panicking due to the accidental incident. The cold and clammy state of the patient explains there might be a possible anxiety attack, internal bleeding or majorly low blood oxygen levels brought about by the shock on the patient. The notable and most advisable approach to resolving the medical status of the patient would require assessment and stabilization of patient’s airway, breathing and circulation. This is the first priority before a physical and medical history examination would ensue to identify further information regarding the patient’s status. Subsequently to the effective controlling of the victim’s air circulation and breathing, the essential preference for the paramedic team would be mandatory to transport the patient to the nearest

Monday, October 28, 2019

Costs and Benefits of Inflation Essay Example for Free

Costs and Benefits of Inflation Essay High inflation has many costs: Inflation erodes the value of money. When future prices are less predictable, sensible spending and saving plans are harder to make. People increasingly fear that their future purchasing power will decline and erode their standard of living. Inflation encourages investments that are speculative and take advantage of inflation rather than productive investment. It can also create the illusion of temporary financial success while masking fundamental economic problems. Businesses and households must spend more time, and money, protecting themselves from the effects of rising costs and prices. Businesses, workers, and investors respond to signs of inflation by pushing up prices, wages, and interest rates to protect themselves. This can lead to a â€Å"vicious circle† of rising inflation. Inflation can mean particular hardship for those whose incomes don’t keep pace with the rising level of prices, especially people on fixed incomes such as senior citizens who are receiving pensions. Low inflation has many benefits: Consumers and businesses are better able to make long-range plans because they know that their money is not losing its purchasing power year after year. Interest rates, both in nominal and real terms, are lower, encouraging investment to improve productivity and allowing businesses to prosper without raising prices. Sustained low inflation is self reinforcing. Businesses and individuals do not react so quickly to short-term price pressures by seeking to raise prices and wages if they are confident that inflation is under long-term control. This contributes to keeping inflation low.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie :: Glass Menagerie essays

Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Glass Menagerie uses an extensive pattern of symbolism that describes the characters of Tom,Amanda,Laura and Jim. Glass,light,color and music constitute the substance of the dominant symbols and motifs,serving to reveal deeper aspects of characters and underlying themes of the play.Tennessee Williams wrote the play so that each character had a special symbol which resembled their personality.But he didn't only give the characters of the play a a resembling symbol;he also mentions the apartment blocks to be hivelike conglomerations of cellular living-units resembling a beenstock.The way he describes their location also has a lot of symbolism in its roots because he describes them to be flowering   as warty growths in overcrowded urban centers.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tennessee Williams used many symbolic aspects to describe Laura and the world she lives in.In the play,Laura represents the very fragile,shy and emotionally crippled girl.In her mind she lives in a world of glass animals and doesn't have a connection to the real world.The managerie of glass also represents the fragile relationships among all the characters.The glass unicorn is most obviously a symbol of Laura-- delicate,sadly different,an anomaly in the modern world.The glass motif recurs throughout the whole play in many other forms.When Laura dropped out of college she constantly visited the zoo,a glass house of tropical flowers that are as vulnerable as she is.During Laura's and Jim's brief romantic encounter,Laura is gaining more confidence about herself.It seems as if she is starting to escape her world of illusions.When they started dancing together,Jim accidently knocked the little glass horse over. Laura,who usually worships her glass collection more than anything else,replied to his excuse;"He's lost his horn.It doesn't matter.Maybe it's a blessing in disguise." and   "I'll just imagine he had an operation.The horn was removed to make him feel less--freakish!Now he will feel more at home with the other horses,the ones who don't have horns....".These two quotes give an impression that Laura is finally escaping her illusive world.She thinks that she might have a chance to survive the real world.What she doesn't know is that she is about to be wounded by the news of Jim's engagement.After Jim tells her the news,she gives him the unicorn as a souvenir and retreats into her land of the glass menagerie never to come out again.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   In the play,Tom is the adventure seeking man trying to escape the prison Amanda is keeping him trapped in.To escape the real world,Tom constantly goes to the movies.The movies make him think about all the adventures he missing.It his little land of dreams.He is jealous of his father who left his family and achieved what Tom always wanted,

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Customer Relations Essay

How can organizations become more open to feedback? What kinds of employee training would help? What would you tell your employees about feedback importance if you were the boss? Establishing Policy An organization can become more open to feedback by practicing as part of its daily operations, a system of feedback receptiveness that encourage customers to complain. This system will also require employees to act on those complaints in productive ways. The more customers come to expect good responses from the organization, the easier it is to be that company that welcomes feedback. Paul R. Timm (2011) maintains that you create a good feedback climate by reinforcing customer behaviors, not by challenging them. If customers fear a debate or argument every time they voice a concern, they will quit giving feedback. So he suggests the following: -Compensate them or provide restitution for unsatisfactory product or service. -Share their sense of urgency; get the problems handled quickly. -Avoid further inconveniences. -Punish someone for the problem (sometimes). -Assure them the problem will not happen again. (Timm, 2003) If companies can accomplish these first important steps, they will show customers and employees that they are serious about receiving feedback, establishing a dialogue, and keeping their customers. The feeling of engagement goes a long way toward earning allegiance and building confidence in management, but defensiveness against feedback will put you out of business. As a customer, I have had the best customer satisfaction in establishments that have a well-advertised customer service focus (Wal-Mart, Whole Foods, Starbucks, and Nordstrom’s Rack). The ones where employees know there’ll be mystery shoppers; that â€Å"corporate† takes its ALS seriously; that reward or recrimination depends on each customer interaction they have throughout the day; that the company who acts on complaints quickly, tactfully, and efficiently, wins! Using Technology By having third-party involvement as a neutral conduit between the customer (and employee) and the organization, frank and open communication can be achieved. It eliminates barriers to listening like interactional elements arising from listener self-centeredness and self-protection. The more the organization hears from its customers, the greater its responsibility becomes to act efficiently and swiftly. It can easily invite feedback and advertise itself as engaging and receptive with the use of listening system technology. Allegiance Technologies has developed a Web-based â€Å"active listening system† (ALS) that provides an exceptional turn-key customer and employee dialoguing tool. (Timm, 2011) It gathers complaints, compliments, questions, and suggestions, assures anonymity, and provides customers with a third party through whom they can feel safe blowing the whistle on their local Target, or long-time employer. The anonymity feature makes the system especially useful for employees who may fear retaliation. E.g., in government-mandated processes for facilitating whistle-blowing on company misdeeds. Once the company responds to the feedback, the ALS system provides follow-up in order to measure customer loyalty and satisfaction. Additionally, companies must be sincere and accommodating when they use technology driven forums like feedback pages and social networking to invite customer feedback. If they can get the customers to feel good about giving it, then they would have scored a victory for customer satisfaction. Employee Training Training employees to get with the program should begin at the recruitment phase. John Mackey of Whole Foods looks for people who have a high degree of emotional intelligence — a high capacity for caring. (Mackey, 2009) The fact is you have to care about people to succeed at good customer service. The notion of getting the right people in is something that employers Wal-Mart and Southwest Airlines understand well. The right people tend to adapt quickly to the goals and mission of the company and training will be that much more effective. Organizations should consider the people that interact daily with customers, a most critical element of every corporate strategy. Despite numerous studies indicating a strong relationship between employee loyalty and customer loyalty, the average customer service representative stays an average of 18 months on the job. The onus is on companies to do more to upgrade the skills, training and pay of customer service representatives, especially si nce they handle an estimated 65% of all complaints. To ensure compliance with its customer service goals, employers can use a variety of employee monitoring systems, such as mystery shopping. Traditionally this approach grew unreliable as findings were tainted by the subjective judgment of the shopper. However, with the use of digital video, mystery shoppers can evaluate the action through cameras hidden in their clothing. The images are digitally recorded and stored on a computer within 48 hours of the mystery shop. Managers can then sit down with employees and invite them to view the tape, and simply ask, â€Å"How do you think you did with that customer?† and sit back and listen. The employee gets the benefit of exceptionally clear, robust data—feedback that he or she may use to improve service skills. Feedback receptive organizations can take example from Whole Foods whose stores are like big amphitheaters intent on monitoring every aspect of customer service. Ever notice how at Whole Foods no matter who you ask for help you always get an answer? The company tracks and analyzes employee/client encounters with digital video. A look to the sky in any Whole Foods store reveals a wide array of state-of-the-art â€Å"eyes in the sky† that are not just meant for shoplifters. This complete surveillance makes the company aware of the moves of every one of its agents and customers know it. The â€Å"unreasonable† customer will know that cameras will back her up in the event of a dispute, and she’ll have no fear of a debate or argument from the company. She’ll be confident that no-one will try to handle her, and that resolution will be swift because Whole Foods and others like it know that nothing impresses people as significantly as quick follow-up. They also recognize that timing is critical when you get customer or employee input, and that early recovery is far easier than letting a bad situation fester and then trying to fix it. Moreover they do it consistently so that it becomes status quo for employees and customers alike, using a three-step process of feeling empathy, resolving the problem, and offering something more to exceed what the customer anticipates. (Timm, 2011) So when I failed to hear my name called as my coffee order was served, a Starbucks server eagerly offered to make me a new latte if mine wasn’t warm enough. Barely five minutes had that piping hot latte stood on the counter when I came to claim it, and I was happily taken aback by the show of concern from behind the register. Chalk one up for exceeding their expectations! This environment and culture is the one that customers will willingly engage, while happily paying $6.00 for coffee, or $4.00 for a tomato! Chapter 9: Reviewing the Facts Question 2 What are the three important steps needed to recover the potentially lost customer? The effort to satisfy unhappy customers to reduce defection, also known as Customer Service Recovery, is best handled when seen as an attitude of opportunity rather than a painful chore. Companies are highly motivated by some scary statistics: customers who experience poor service will tell seven to 13 others about it, and will continue to voice their dissatisfaction for up to 23 years. On the other hand, a satisfied customer will tell four or five others about a pleasant brand experience. One thing we can all agree on is; you want to keep a customer. The best attitudes for a service provider to adopt stem from a desire for a win-win relationship with the customer; both parties want to feel good about the business transacted. This is not necessarily a â€Å"customer-is-always-right† attitude. Rather, it is more of a problem-solving non- blame-setting attitude. (Timm, 2011) Since dissatisfaction does occur, it can be useful to accept each event as an opportunity and a challenge, if you want to assure your customer that you want to strengthen your relationships with them. It is also not bad for the bottom line– its impact on profitability can be substantial. Studies indicate that service recovery investments yield returns of 30%-150%. (Brown, 2000) Furthermore, British Airways calculates that their efforts to retain customers return $2 for every dollar invested. In fact, the airline finds that â€Å"recovered† customers give the airline more of their business. Likewise, Hampton Inn Hotels estimates that its service guarantee increased revenue $11 million and earned it the industry’s highest customer retention rate. (Wreden, 2003) An effective service recovery program occurs on two levels, the first of which is a three-step process that must be incorporated into customer service operations. The first step consists of both: Apology and Accountability Saying, â€Å"I’m sorry,† communicates an empathy with the customer, showing them perhaps that you feel their pain, and take ownership of a mistake, even if it’s because of supplier or other problems. The second step obliges the provider to: Do everything in their power to resolve the problem. This starts with clarifying exactly what the issue is in a caring manner that avoids interrogation. Responses must also be timely and the timetables for resolution should be a part of customer service policy. Customers appreciate any efforts you expended to solve their problem quickly. If a product needs to be replaced, do it now. If something needs to be repaired (or repaired again), give a high priority to scheduling such repairs. If a delivery has to be rescheduled, do it immediately and confirm it with the customer. Customer expectations can be managed with resolution schedules; if you specify time frames for the next steps, customer satisfaction will increase by 40%. Previously cited British Airways research showed that 40%-50% of customers defected if it took the company longer than five days to respond. (Wreden, 2003) That said follow up is a key element in this step. The provider must determine whether the customer received the promised treatment, and, more importantly, how they feel about it. One study indicated that a follow-up call to a once unhappy customer can boost satisfaction by 5%-7%, and intentions to repurchase by 8%-12%. Finally, giving something to the customer to make up for the problem they had, otherwise known as: Symbolic Atonement Often it cannot fully repair the damage, but it symbolically indicates that you are trying. It’s the â€Å"something extra† you give to appease the customer and help win him back. (Timm, 2011) Since atonement calls for having customer reps work directly with customers to determine an appropriate remedy, companies that encourage employee empowerment stand to gain by giving authority to employees to win customers back. Agents at Marriott International, for example, can spend up to $2,500 without authorization to compensate customers — a clear acknowledgement of not only the customer’s direct loss but also â€Å"pain and suffering.† Involving the customer in the process by seeking his ideas, â€Å"What can we do to make this better?† is wise, and might even lead to less costly solutions. REFFERENCES Brown, Stephen W. PhD. (2000). Practicing Best-In-Class Service Recovery: Forward-thinking firms leverage service recovery to increase loyalty and profits. Retrieved from http://www.mba.asu.edu/csl/upload/Service-Recovery-MM-2000.pdf Inc. Staff. (2009). Interview with John Mackey, CEO Whole Foods. Hiring Leaders. (Jul 1, 2009) Timm, Paul R., Introduction to Customer Service: Career Success Through Customer Loyalty 5th ed. (Prentice Hall, 2011) Wreden, Nick. (2003). How to Recover Lost Customers Noted Fusion Branding author details key steps to boost profitability by improving customer recovery. Retrieved from http://www.prweb.com/releases/2003/01/prweb54863.htm