Disguise in Shakespeares Measure for Measure and Twelfth Night Essays

entomb in Shakespeares Measure for Measure and 12th Night Disguise is a device Shakespeare employs frequently in both Measure for Measure and Twelfth Night. It allows a block outd character like the Duke of Vienna to glean study that would otherwise go unknown, and a character like Viola to take advantage of potentially beneficial situations. It gives these characters access to worlds that might otherwise be denied for the Duke, he can now haunt assemblies / Where youth and cost a witless bravery keeps (1.4.9-10). For Viola, she might serve the duke (1.2.51) and thus hopefully keep company with Olivia, who too lost a brother. Disguise is especially appropriate in the worlds that exist in the two plays they are characterized by excess and inversion of proper order. In Measure for Measure, the Duke leaves his kingdom unexpectedly in the hands of a deputy the inversion is continued by the unprecedented harsh enforcement of the law, something that hasnt been d one in fourteen years. In Twelfth Night, the title itself suggests a last hurrah, the end of the carnival, and Viola personifies this last wildness by taking on a role reversion in gender to her natural one she plays a man. Michael Margan in Laughter and Elizabethan Society glosses Mikhail Bakhtin, saying that the laughter of carnival is an ambivalent laughter, simultaneously celebrating and mocking, sympathizing and deriding (34). Laughter, comedy, and a world turned upside-down characterize Twelfth Night, Or What You Will, and allow Viola to successfully don her masculine usurped attire (5.1.248) and win Olivias hear... ... city. Donning a disguise to suit the moment does not change the person, however adaptable and convenient it may be to achieve certain ends. The Duke of Vienna tells Isabella that though he removes his friars drape he is not changing heart with habit (5.1.381), and Viola laments that My state is desperate for my masters love (2.2.37) . Just as carnival and misrule only ache a limited reign, so their disguises only alter Viola and Vienna temporarily. Works Cited Margan, Michael. Laughter and Elizabethan Society, in Contexts of Comedy. Wells, Stanley, and Gary Taylor, eds. Measure for Measure. William Shakespeare The Complete Works. Oxford Clarendon P, 1998. Wells, Stanley, and Gary Taylor, eds. Twelfth Night, or What You Will. William Shakespeare The Complete Works. Oxford Clarendon P, 1998.

Amistadthe Movie Essay -- essays papers

Amistadthe MovieAmistadBeing an African American male, I have been told somewhat the story about buckle downry. I mean of course I have been told of the Martin Luther Kings, the MalcolmXs, and the Rosa Parks and the many struggles and life threatening obstacles theywent through for all blacks to become free from opression. Before observation the video Amistad, I never unfeignedly knew of the boat rides, the chaining of women andmen together and putting boulders at the end of the ropes and throwing the bouldersover the edge of the boat drowning many. Just because I did not know about thesedifferent situations, I cant and will not blame anyone else. I never really asked or took it upon myself to learn what went on with my own people. After reviewingcertain scenes from the movie Amistad, directed by Steven Spilberg, it made meangry, wondering why they waited so long to make a movie about the real story ofhow they miss treated slaves during the Middle Passage. After I thought about it Iknow what took so long, they(the white people) never really wanted us to know.Amistad was a story about a slave named Cinque, and his fight for freedom ina white world. It showed the abuse that slave took from whitemen for no reason. Many of them were taken from their homes and forced onto a ship below the deckwere they received little food and were chained together. See this action reallyupsets me. They never bothered any Spaniards, but they felt could make money off...

Einstein :: essays research papers fc

Albert Einstein, the great physicist and philosopher, was born in Germany 1879 in a Jewish family and his life must almodal values be seen within the national of the provincial Swabian-folkways in a rural useistic. Einsteins character was so simplistic that people were astonished that he was able to deduce much(prenominal) complex theories. His childhood also shows contradictions about his failure in inculcate and rejection to teachers. The worlds genius, Einstein, never settled down in one terra firma nor admired Hitler as most of German people. Although he was a simple and optimistic character his life doesnt reflect a normal stalls attitude. As a child, Alberts parents feared that he might be slow down child since he wasnt able to talk before he was three-year hoary he also continued to have trouble in speaking fluently for several years. In elementary school his performance was so unstable that his parents were sure that he was mentally retarded. His classmates and te achers used to call him names because of his remarkable attitude such(prenominal) as repeating his own words and observing the ceilings for such a long time. Alberts reaction wasnt positive, he mediocre isolated himself more. May be his failure in elementary school was cod to the fact that he rejected to be taught by others. He prefer to teach himself instead. So when he was a teenager he taught himself advanced math and science. Einstein carried on with this pattern of independent study for the rest of his life. His baffle, although a merchant, possessed an inclination for technical matters and so he managed an galvanising business where he invented and sold equipment such as dynamos and electrical lamps. He introduced Einstein to the conundrum of matter when he gave him a compass at the age of four, which seemed to Einstein that it came from other world as it behaved in such a determined way that it didnt fit to his into the nature of events. He said this experience made a deep and lasting impression on me and he was so stick that he deduced that something deeply hidden had to be behind things (Albert Einstein Historical and heathen perspectives). Moreover, his father used to take him at the electromechanical fairs to present his electrical inventions. Perhaps such attitude from Alberts father had helped him to desire physics and think the unknown puzzles of the physical world. However, Albert didnt see an optimistic world through and through his mothers world as he saw through his fathers and hence she didnt have such impact on him as his father.Einstein essays research papers fc Albert Einstein, the great physicist and philosopher, was born in Germany 1879 in a Jewish family and his life must always be seen within the content of the provincial Swabian-folkways in a rural characteristic. Einsteins character was so simple that people were astonished that he was able to deduce such complex theories. His childhood also shows contradictions about his failure in school and rejection to teachers. The worlds genius, Einstein, never settled down in one country nor admired Hitler as most of German people. Although he was a simple and optimistic character his life doesnt reflect a normal stable attitude. As a child, Alberts parents feared that he might be retarded child since he wasnt able to talk before he was three-year old he also continued to have trouble in speaking fluently for several years. In elementary school his performance was so bad that his parents were sure that he was mentally retarded. His classmates and teachers used to call him names because of his peculiar attitude such as repeating his own words and observing the ceilings for such a long time. Alberts reaction wasnt positive, he just isolated himself more. May be his failure in elementary school was due to the fact that he rejected to be taught by others. He preferred to teach himself instead. So when he was a teenager he taught himself advanced Mathematics an d science. Einstein carried on with this pattern of independent study for the rest of his life. His father, although a merchant, possessed an inclination for technical matters and so he managed an electrical business where he invented and sold equipment such as dynamos and electrical lamps. He introduced Einstein to the mystery of matter when he gave him a compass at the age of four, which seemed to Einstein that it came from another world as it behaved in such a determined way that it didnt fit to his into the nature of events. He said this experience made a deep and lasting impression on me and he was so puzzled that he deduced that something deeply hidden had to be behind things (Albert Einstein Historical and cultural perspectives). Moreover, his father used to take him at the electromechanical fairs to present his electrical inventions. Perhaps such attitude from Alberts father had helped him to desire physics and imagine the unknown puzzles of the physical world. However, Albe rt didnt see an optimistic world through his mothers world as he saw through his fathers and hence she didnt have such impact on him as his father.

How did Brecht make use of character and audience in order to successfu

Bertolt Brecht was a illustrious German theatre practitioner and dramatist whose works are credited as having been at the leading(a) edge of 20th century theatre. Being a socialist-Marxist, Brecht he was deeply concerned with the society in which he lived, and so desired to change the modal value people both(prenominal) thought and acted towards their fellow man. His sentiment of the Epic Theatre sought to dramatically change the way in which theatre is to be performed, opposing many of the 19th century dramatic conventions describe for the superior play. gamingtic Theatre is generally thought to be constructed of a number of things including the consumption of detailed characters, containing a robust plot, having evolutionary determinism, and progressing with one-dimensional development. On the other hand, Brechts Epic Theatre concentrate ones on narrative, episodic scenes, curved storylines, and creates a broader exhibit of the world for the spectator. The primary inten tion of a well-made play is to simply entertain, and as Brecht stated, from the first it has been the theatres business to entertain people (Brecht, 1964, pg. 180). However, Brecht in person believed that theatre should primarily be a buns for learning and social correction using the stage as a political platform to both inform and inspire its auditory modality members. Although this is not to put that Brecht completely dismissed the notion of having theatrical entertainment, since his plays were also filled with music, comedy and lighting. Thus, theatre should not tho try to represent society it should attempt to pattern it too. The main area that I wish to address is how Brecht made use of both character and audience in an attempt to push forward his let political and moral interests. To do this, I will be l... ...23-31, JSTOR Online. Available at http//www.jstor.org/stable/392365 (Accessed 19/04/2012).Ernst, R. (2005) The Spectator and Not the Actor is the central focus of Brechts Stagecraft. Munich GRIN Publishing GmbH.Kolbe, J. (1954) Portrt Bertolt Brecht. electronic print Available at http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileBertolt-Brecht.jpg (Accessed 22/04/2012).Morley, M. (1977) Brecht A weigh. raw Jersey Rowman and Littlefield. Needle, J. (1981) Brecht / Jan Needle and Peter Thomson. Oxford Blackwell.Styan, J. L. (1981) Modern Drama in Theory and Practice. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.Tatlow, A. and Wong, T. (1982) Brecht and East Asian Theatre The Proceedings of a Conference on Brecht in East Asian Theatre. Hong Kong Hong Kong University Press.Willett, J. (1959) The Theatre of Bertolt Brecht, A Study from Eight Aspects. London Methuen. How did Brecht make use of character and audience in order to successfuBertolt Brecht was a renowned German theatre practitioner and dramatist whose works are credited as having been at the leading edge of 20th century theatre. Being a socialist-Marxist, Brecht he was deeply concerned with t he society in which he lived, and so desired to change the way people both thought and acted towards their fellow man. His concept of the Epic Theatre sought to dramatically change the way in which theatre is to be performed, opposing many of the 19th century dramatic conventions outlined for the well-made play. Dramatic Theatre is generally thought to be constructed of a number of things including the use of detailed characters, containing a robust plot, having evolutionary determinism, and progressing with linear development. On the other hand, Brechts Epic Theatre focuses on narrative, episodic scenes, curved storylines, and creates a broader picture of the world for the spectator. The primary intention of a well-made play is to simply entertain, and as Brecht stated, from the first it has been the theatres business to entertain people (Brecht, 1964, pg. 180). However, Brecht personally believed that theatre should primarily be a place for learning and social correction using th e stage as a political platform to both inform and inspire its audience members. Although this is not to say that Brecht completely dismissed the notion of having theatrical entertainment, since his plays were also filled with music, comedy and lighting. Thus, theatre should not merely try to represent society it should attempt to shape it too. The main area that I wish to address is how Brecht made use of both character and audience in an attempt to push forward his own political and moral interests. To do this, I will be l... ...23-31, JSTOR Online. Available at http//www.jstor.org/stable/392365 (Accessed 19/04/2012).Ernst, R. (2005) The Spectator and Not the Actor is the central focus of Brechts Stagecraft. Munich GRIN Publishing GmbH.Kolbe, J. (1954) Portrt Bertolt Brecht. electronic print Available at http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileBertolt-Brecht.jpg (Accessed 22/04/2012).Morley, M. (1977) Brecht A Study. New Jersey Rowman and Littlefield. Needle, J. (1981) Brecht / Jan Need le and Peter Thomson. Oxford Blackwell.Styan, J. L. (1981) Modern Drama in Theory and Practice. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.Tatlow, A. and Wong, T. (1982) Brecht and East Asian Theatre The Proceedings of a Conference on Brecht in East Asian Theatre. Hong Kong Hong Kong University Press.Willett, J. (1959) The Theatre of Bertolt Brecht, A Study from Eight Aspects. London Methuen.

The No Child Left Behind Act Essay -- American Government, Politics

Initiated in 2002, the No Child Left Behind figure (NCLB) of 2001 intended to prevent the academic failures of educational institutions and individual students, as well as bridge achievement gaps between students. This act supports the basic standards of education make better across America desiring to improve the learning outcomes of Americas youth. No Child Left Behind has left galore(postnominal) to criticize the outcomes of the Act itself. Questions sacrifice risen concerning the effectiveness of NCLB, as well as the implications to Americas youth.ThesisThe No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 should be revise to allow better accountability of student success, accountability of schools progress, and better flexibility for teachers.About No Child Left BehindSigned into law in 2002, the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 had ample bipartisan support. Implementing the belief that setting high achievement goals in education would yield an append in student success nationwide, the act requires all states to build assessments for all grade levels concerning the basic skills of reading and math. This in turn provides assurances of federal funding for the habitual schools who participate fully in this practice. The goal of the act is to have every child achieve their grade level in math and reading by 2014. It was based off the Elementary & Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965. ESEA established the Title I programs, which became the first federal education aid to support children of low urban/rural areas (Ed.Gov).Accountability of Student SuccessAccountability for improved student achievement lies at the heart of the ESEA debate (Jennings, 2010). According to Jennings,we must relook how student progress in English language arts and math sho... ...positions. Teachers should be rewarded by success, not penalized by single sided test results. In conclusion, the initial intentions of the No Child Left Behind Act (2001) were to close the achievement gap between l ow achieving students and schools and their counterparts but have fallen short in many important aspects along the way. Teachers have become de-sensitized to the reasons they initially desired to be educators and have lost their vision of how to implement instruction due to standards of NCLB and the consequences for not concourse those mandated goals. Likewise, students must perform, many times, above their level in order to be labeled adequate by the federal government and their schools. In some cases, in that location is a disproportionate burden placed on schools, teachers, and students, all for the sake of what is federally deemed as average achievement.

The No Child Left Behind Act Essay -- American Government, Politics

Initiated in 2002, the No Child Left tush mold (NCLB) of 2001 intended to prevent the academic failures of educational institutions and individual scholarly persons, as rise up as bridge achievement gaps between students. This make up supports the basic standards of education reform across America desiring to improve the encyclopedism outcomes of Americas youth. No Child Left Behind has left many to criticize the outcomes of the Act itself. Questions have risen concerning the effectiveness of NCLB, as well as the implications to Americas youth.ThesisThe No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 should be revised to allow better accountability of student success, accountability of schools progress, and better flexibility for teachers.About No Child Left BehindSigned into law in 2002, the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 had ample bipartisan support. Implementing the belief that setting high achievement lasts in education would yield an increase in student success nationwide, the act req uires all states to build assessments for all grade trains concerning the basic skills of reading and math. This in turn provides assurances of federal funding for the public schools who participate fully in this practice. The goal of the act is to have every child achieve their grade level in math and reading by 2014. It was based off the Elementary & alternative Education Act (ESEA) of 1965. ESEA established the Title I programs, which became the first federal education aid to support children of poor urban/rural areas (Ed.Gov).Accountability of scholarly person SuccessAccountability for improved student achievement lies at the heart of the ESEA debate (Jennings, 2010). According to Jennings,we must relook how student progress in English linguistic communication arts and math sho... ...positions. Teachers should be rewarded by success, not penalized by single sided test results. In conclusion, the initial intentions of the No Child Left Behind Act (2001) were to close the a chievement gap between low achieving students and schools and their counterparts but have fallen short in many important aspects along the way. Teachers have choke de-sensitized to the reasons they initially desired to be educators and have lost their vision of how to implement instruction due to standards of NCLB and the consequences for not meeting those mandated goals. Likewise, students must perform, many times, above their level in order to be labeled adequate by the federal government and their schools. In some cases, there is a disproportionate burden fixed on schools, teachers, and students, all for the sake of what is federally deemed as average achievement.

Volunteer Military Service

Volunteer forces Service The f wholly in States host is by fall outlying(prenominal) the most advance in the world. Our country is filled with passion and patriotic citizens who would give their lives for this country. The United States also has champion of the largest militaries in the world with the highest trained soldiers on this planet. The United States soldiery has a variety of special forces soldiers who ar send out on top missions and operations around the world. The American soldiers are one of the most appreciated people in the United States nowadays because of the recent wars with Afghanistan and Iraq.What stands out the most with the American soldiers in this country is the willingness to bid for this country. Volunteering means to freely offer to do something, which the soldiers in the United States are doing today. The United States military has m each outlineees everyday ranging from men and women for every branch of help. The United States military today is over manned in every branch of service along with a bad economy in this country. Also, many people today are trying to join because of unemployment and the military provides a salary for people who name no income.The United States government should continue to use its volunteer military service because of the over manning numbers of enlistees today. The United States government should also explore more with volunteering especially with female soldiers that are part of the military who wish to volunteer for knowledge in combat related jobs in the military. Women should also be able to register to the Selective Service if they wish to do so. This will catch the United States military more diverse and will allow more opportunities for women.The United States government has done a great job implicating the all volunteer military service since the end of the draft in 1973 after the Vietnam War. The citizens of America have set aside their own personal lives to volunteer and armed combat for their country. People of all ethnicities and religions come together as a team to protect their country from terrorism and other threats from around the world. According to Defending the all-volunteer force Each course of instruction about 170,000 young men and women volunteer for the active-duty force and another 140,000 for the reserve and Guard.An additional 30,000 are commissioned as officers and join the active and reserve components. Those who enlist come from all parts of the country, from households all across the economic spectrum, and from all races and ethnicities (Gilroy). The citizens who volunteer for this country are determineed true American heroes. The volunteers of this country choice to fight for the United States of America and were not obligated to but decided to for the love they have for this country. This is why the all volunteer military service works because of the amount and dedication that the volunteers have for this country.A military dra ft wouldnt find enough dedicated men and women who would have to be force to fight and risk their lives in a war that they didnt sign up for. It would be prudent to say the US Military does not want a military draft, as motivated volunteers are much more desirable than reluctant conscripts (Military Spot). The military draft can never return especially in this new coevals that the American citizens live in today. There would be outrage throughout the country and protests in Washington D. C. The military draft is unethical and is violating American citizens rights that our introduction fathers gave us. The 13th Amendment makes quite clear that involuntary servitude is not permitted. And, the principle of positive grant espoused by the 10th Amendment states that any power not specifically given(p) to the federal government by the constitution is reserved to the States, respectively, or to the People (Boldin). If the United States of America used the draft again it will tarnish the means of freedom in this country. The United States government should never force people to fight in a war that they do not believe in.Ripping out fathers, brothers, and sons from their homes and families is completely wrong especially if they do not return home from war. Forcing psyche to work for the state forcing someone to kill or be killed forcing someone to do anything at the point of a gun under threat of prison or even death is involuntary servitude. Of all the forms of slavery that have existed throughout history, forcing someone to fight and die in war is by far the most disgusting, and is a form of murder against all who dont survive (Boldin).Women have grown independent power throughout the past decades. A problem has recently come across within the past historic period with women in the military who are asking to be in combat positions in the military. The military does not allow women to have jobs involving combat and has yet to make an effort to change this problem . The problem is that women have not been given an opportunity to at to the lowest degree try for combat related job training. Women in the military have rose to the occasion numerous times but, are never nationally recognize for your services in war. Women are displaying great courage and expertness in ambushes, firefights, and battles on the ground. They are not just surviving, but earning medals for valor in combat. On March 20, 2005, Army Sgt. Leigh Ann Hester was in a convoy of cardinal vehicles that came under enemy ambush by fifty insurgents. Sgt. Hester led her team through the kill zone and into a flanking position, where she assaulted a trench line with grenades and M203 grenade-launcher rounds. Sgt. Hester killed at least three insurgents and was awarded the Silver Star for her bravery under fire (McSally). Sgt.Hester was brave and courageous in a high stress situation where her life and others were on the line. Sgt. Hester has obviously proven herself and the United S tates military that she deserves an opportunity for a combat related job in the military. The United States government should at least consider looking into this important problem and test women to see if their at least physical fit for the job training. In conclusion, the United States government should continue the volunteer military service because of the large number dedicated volunteers who fight for this country.A military draft would simply be not necessary for this country because the United States military already has a large number of enlisted soldiers. The military draft is an unmoral act of forcefulness on the citizens of the United States and will have a negative outlet on the country. The United States government needs to put more time and consideration for the women of the military. Women in the military should be able to train in any job if theyre capable of completing the necessary training for the job. This will make the United States military equal in everything that implies with the military especially for women.Works Cited Boldin, Michael. The Military Draft A Moral Abomination. The Military Draft A Moral Abomination. Tenth Amendment, 3 Apr. 2007. Web. 17 Apr. 2012. Gilroy, Curtis L. Defending the All-volunteer Force. ARMED FORCES JOURNAL. ARMED FORCES JOURNAL, 14 Apr. 2010. Web. 16 Apr. 2012. McSally, Martha. WOMEN IN COMBAT IS THE CURRENT POLICY OBSOLETE? www. law. duke. edu. Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy. Web. 16 Apr. 2012. Spot, Military. Military Draft. MilitarySpot. com. Military Spot, 13 Mar. 2009. Web. 16 Apr. 2012.

Thomas Hobbes Essay

The philosophy of Thomas Hobbes, especi all in ally that of his major work, Leviathan, is designed to understand the motives of tender-heartedkind constitution and, from these, seek the surest way to civilised calmness. This is one of the earliest examples of a scientific method of understanding political science in that the community was to be built on a fistful of axioms, all deriving from what Hobbes considered positions of human beings nature (cf. Matthews, 118). The nature of these axioms leading to civil peace is the purpose of this present essay. The elementary understanding of human nature that, if utilise properly, would lead to social peace is that human beings proneness government agency.This is nearly identical to Machiavellis approach to politics. It seems that in both Hobbes and Machiavelli, human beings need power, and hence, develop object lesson systems that justify the present holding or seeking of power (Morgan, 528-530, and 581-582). But the nature of this axiom is that people be naturally programmed to seek power and no matter of moral suasion will stop this. Hobbes wants to begin from a single concept and build upon it rather than cause to suppress it, since any attempt at suppression itself proves the axiom correct.If human nature is interpreted seriously rather than covered over with metaphysical theories, then peace might be the consequent human beings must be taken as they are, not as one might want them to be. If the above axiom is true, that is, people desire power, than many other axioms follow from it. The first axiom that follows from the first is that reason is a slave to the passions (Morgan, 641). Reason, in other words, sensnot provide ends, but merely promoter, and significantly, justifications later on the fact. Appealing to reason is hence, not appropriate with such a view of humanity, and only the appeal to passion will work here.Passion is nothing that can be suppressed, but it can be controlled. Pass ion is the locomotive engine of human nature in a similar sense that hunks of matter in a vacuum will cut across in constant morion unless acted upon by another force. This is an exact parallel to Hobbes here, and the only opposing force to passionate human motion is other human beings, and hence, the problem humans are perpetually, sideline from this, in a distinguish of war. What makes this subject of war particularly harsh is that the abilities of human beings as individuals, or organizing into groups, are roughly meet (Morgan, 591).This means that the war of all against all will continue constantly, with no clear success. Any winner will be only a temporary winner, and will soon be dethroned by another faction. The fact of equality is not something here taken from observation, but from a deduction from atomic theory (or at least, the theories of matter current at the time), where atoms, in their basic structure, are all the same. Matter is matter, vigour is energy, human s are humans. From the above, it follows that human beings are determined. Free will, to an extent, is rejected in Hobbes.For him, liberty is the ability to do what one wills without outside opposition (Morgan, 621). This is consistent with determinism in that the will must have a reason, that is, a cause, for having the desire it has and bringing it to fruition. Hence, man is determined, but since he does what he wants, he is thus free. This just underscores the fact that reason is impotent to being about peace, only the passions can be appealed to in that the constant clashing of wills and the frustration of ones freedom as Hobbes describes it is constant warfare.From the above, Hobbes deduces that humanity is egocentric, power hungry and willful, and as a result, without some countervailing power, is in a constant state of warfare. The nature of this countervailing power is the real centrepiece of the Leviathan. The general point is that if humanity can be reduced to a few, simp le, clear axioms that follow logically from one another, as any good scientific theory should do, then the state, the countervailing power that keeps these human atoms in line relative to one another, should also be simple, unified and follow logically from the axioms about human nature.Hence, Hobbes is seeking to be completely scientific and a realist about both humanity and the state that they will live under in order to orbit peace. At this point in the logical progression, it seems impossible to live in a state of peace. Human beings are depicted as lustful, egocentric and equal beings constantly in a state of motion and hence, clashing with all other peoples, essentially hunks of matter in motion, connected to an almost arbitrary engine of passion.But it is the Leviathan that will bring this peace, and it is passion that it will use to justify itself and bring peace to the commonwealth. Hobbes describes humanity prior to all law and custom, that is, the law of nature. The pri mary motive force of humanity is power, considered generally. But if warfare is a constant feature of the state of nature, then the drive for power for each and all is constantly being frustrated. It seems logical to hold that eventually, these egocentric people will constantly see their designs thwarted and their purposes constantly harmed y others.From this, all those that seek power, that is, ein truthone, will be forced to come to some agreement, a covenant among themselves that will provide a measure of peace so that the power struggle can continue in more peaceful channels. This is the nature of the covenant (Morgan, 594). This agreement comes not about through reason, but through the constant frustration of passion. Reason is a means to an end, and power is always that end. But power cannot be had in the state of nature portrayn its constantly shifting nature, and therefore, reason then acts as a slave to passion and demands some kind of agreement, a contract that will bring peace.The nature of this covenant must follow from the facts of human nature outlined above. Hence, it cannot really be a parliamentary democracy because that merely leaves the state of nature intact, one faction constantly unseating another, leading to the same sanatorium as before. The kind of state that is hold upon is basically a dictatorship of a party that must act equally between individuals and factions within the society. in all power is hence transferred to the state, the dictatorship, and in return, this power is used to keep the warring factions from destroying each other.The only real demand laid on the state is that of objectiveness in judging among the factions, and hence, the state must ultimately be a monarchy (of sorts), equidistant from all centers of power in society and hence, able to judge among them sensibly (Morgan, 613). Putting this differently, if power is the desire of all individuals and factions, then it follows that the state exists solely for se curity (Morgan, 606). If humanity is described in axiomatic terms all following one from another, and the state is itself part of this logical progression, then it also follows that the nature of the states action also must follow from the above.This means that the state is unitary, dedicated to one purpose and based on a rule of law that is simple and dedicated entirely to security and, according to the contract, treats all individuals and factions as morally equal to one another (Morgan, 641). The logical structure of the Leviathan comes down to working out contradictions in the axiomatic description of human beings. If human beings desire power and cannot get it in the state of nature, then a powerful state must be crated that permits humanity to live and seek after power through peaceful means.But since no faction will permit one group to rule at the expense of all others, the state must be single, focused and based on an agreed upon set of laws (a constitution) that enshrines t his concept of political equality. Only then can all factions agree to give up their violent ways to the central authority. Since human beings are egocentric and passionate, the state based on the rule of law agreed to by all factions beforehand follows logically. The terms peace and justice are used here in highly technical and scientific ways that part radically with precedent attempts to define and justify these words.Peace, according to Hobbes, is merely the absence of war (Morgan, 592). It simply is a state of affairs that permits power hungry individuals to pursue their designs in a peaceful manner. Any breach of this peace will, ideally, lead to swift and harsh action from the state that they have empowered to keep watch over their actions. referee is similar in that it is based on have a go at itledge. The early parts of the Leviathan are based on a scientific method, a means of coming to know human nature as generally and simply as possible.Justice just flows from this. Ultimately, justice derives from science, which is the knowledge of good and evil (Morgan, 603). In practice, this merely means that humans are attracted by the same set of things, and recoil from the same set of things. If power and what it implies are seen in the former, then the frustration of their liberty (as be above) is what repels them. This knowledge alone allows one to see the basis and ultimate justice of the state.Hence, justice is defined accordingly, as the ability of the person, or, at last, the state, to control the passions of the population when they adventure to disrupt the precarious balance of peace in the commonwealth (Morgan, 599-600). But this is understood by all who are punished by the state in that they have agreed to this on the basis that their own liberty is endlessly obstructed by others in the state of nature. But, as a final thought, this is the very nature of ones civic dutyto eliminate all private desires and to follow the laws as laid down by th e self-reliant and agreed upon by those who have demanded these laws (Morgan, 610-611).Duty is not something that is arrived at through reason, but through the passionate desire for power. It is frustrated in the state of nature, but permitted to lead freely under the rule of law. There is no thick view of civic duty here, but rather, the control over ones passions in the interest of those same passions, to permit them to develop in peace. The desire for peace derives from the identical desire for power, except that this desire is frustrated in a state of war. This is what makes Hobbes compelling the approach to politics could not be simpler.The concept of civic duty is summed up by Hobbes as the act of giving up judicature oneself (Morgan, 608), and permitting the more violent elements of ones passion to be governed by the state only. What is left to the person is the peaceful pursuit of his passionate desires. Politically speaking, the commonwealth is that entity that exists fo r the sake of peace and security by the efficient control of the private desires of the people involved. In its place, the public will as expressed by the laws of the sovereign so far as they do not violate the very simple terms of the contract.In conclusion, the nature of peace and civic duty for Hobbes are two sides of the same coin. The public persona of the person in the commonwealth is as a public entity, a person dedicated to civic peace and dedicated to the elimination of all personal desires relative to other members of the community. The final end, according to Hobbes own description is the pursuit of power by peaceful means, kind in commerce, etc. The sovereign is the public persona and serves to maintain this persona within the personalities of all involved.

How Global Issues Affect the Whole World Essay

Thematic Essay- How Global Issues Affect the Whole World BY codi5181 Global issues today cause tremendous problems to the whole world. Even today, issues much(prenominal) as terrorism, the environment, population, ball-shaped migration, urbanization, and economic instability plague our world. The most crucial of these problems being religion-based terrorism, urbanization and population, and environmental pollution and destruction. Terrorism is mostly linked to differences in opinion amid different sects ofa religion, an example being Muslim extremists. Muslim extremists in the Middle East have radical opinions on the details of their religion.The angriness in Ireland terrorizes anyone who goes against their ideals. Terrorism is caused when one group of radicals feels the necessity to attack another group. In addition, terrorism raft be caused when one group feels that they are doing the in good order thing, when in the eyes of someone else, these same actions could be offensive and could cause unrest. Like the United States Christians who gave aid to the Christians in Ireland. The UN has ways to deal with unrest between countries, and has peacekeeping committees to try to stop terrorism before it starts.In order to stop errorism in the Middle East, there must be a trenchant separation of secular and state. The sharia in Muslim countries does not have laws that provide protection against modern day technology and advances in culture. The Middle east countries that are ruled by religious laws have to start to regulate weapon usage and the availability of explosives and other dangerous chemicals. An increase in the global population greatly affects many aspects of everyday life for everyone in the world. Population increases causes a vicious cycle of urbanization.urbanisation is the movement of eople from rural areas to cities in calculate of employment opportunities and a education. Urbanization is caused by an increase need for employment. People who li ve in rural areas have a lesser availability of Jobs and resources, so moving to the city makes this easier on them. People quest for a better life, and education causing wad to move into the cities too. Cities such as Beijing and cities in India and China are mostly affected by urbanization because of the massive amount of people who reside in these countries.Some countries have put in place different laws and olicies to counteract the massive population increase. Chinas one child policy is a supreme example. Countries should limit the amount of people who can move into a city each year. Also, companies can expand into the rural areas and sponsor schools to be set up in the rural areas too. Urbanization in the long run causes a severe increase in global pollution. This problem is caused by the increased need to produce energy. Producing energy usually involved burning fossil fuels. The air pollution causes the Green house effect, which causes the Earth to slowly heat up.Environme ntal problems like lack of medical cures and group O level decreases are caused by human deforestization. International committees are set up to limit what humans can do with natural resources. For example, factories must scrape up the emissions free of toxins and people can no longer use CFCs. To solve the problem of global pollution, countries must find alternate ways to create energy, alternatively than interconnected. Everything that we do can be felt across the globe. International solutions to the problems that plague our world are a necessity. Problems such as pollution, over population, and terrorism can easily be solved.

Early Childhood Education and ‘Kindergarten’

Pre-school education is discussed mainly through the nurture of a youngsters personality. The knowledge and practices acquired by children during this stage of encyclopedism be embedded with their character. Further much discipline of creative thinking, communication expertnesss and social interaction are a few benefits able to acquire by pre-school children. (Palihakkara, D.W., Premaratne, R.M. 2004, p 36).Kinderg prowessen, is a German metaphorical boundary referring to a garden, in which children are compared to growing plants. It is used as a common term for pre-school educational institutions, defined in various ways in many countries. The Kindergartens are recognized educational surrounds created to motivate and support the mental, corporeal, emotional, linguistic and social development of children between ages 3-5 years. (Source Friedrich Froebel, http//www.infed.com/Froebel.html )History of Early churlhood EducationMany contributions are made to the development of theories on early childhood education through the ages in the history of educational philosophy. All theories are based upon the childs psychological background, with various scientific investigate and interpretations made with time through established contemporary methods.Greek philosopher Plato in 4th Century B.C. was the first to emphasize the importance of education with persist and metric movement to improve mental and physical growth during the first five years of a childs life. This idea was further improved by the addition of Aristotles ideas on practicing good habits and attitudes in children.John Amos Komensky (Comenius) in the 16th Century, expressed ideas of child centered education he believed children should learn by sensory experiences through activities engineered at bottom their natural environment. He stressed on the childs need for love and Security and the role of a mother as a teacher in the home plate based early childhood education. (Dudek.M, 1996, pp30- 39)Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) further illustrates that nothing should be forced on the child. He suggests methods of active study through experience and the enjoyment of organise as bit.Work or accept is all one to him, his games are his work, and he knows no difference.-Rousseau-The four stages of a childs development described by him are as followsInfancy reveals habits and the framing of emotionsChildhood reveals necessity and training of sensesBoyhood reveals utility and the training of the intellectAdolescence reveals mortalityOf these training emotions and the senses was stressed only in early childhood education.Fredrich Froebel (1782-1827) believed that the childhood is a period with its confess interests, values and creativity and identifies licentiousness as the distinctive activity. He established the pre-school arranging Kindergarten with the emphasis on Free Play and childs freedom. (Dudek.M, 1996, p51)Fig.2.01 Freidrich Froebel and his kindergarten to ols known as Froebels gifts in use with children.Educationist Maria Montessori (1870-1952) focused on the necessity of sensory learning, skill development, the use of materials and comfortable class room environments for children in comparison to Kindergarten method, the Montessori order focuses more towards the efficiency and speed in making children ready to engage with formal learning. (Dudek.M, 1996, p.58)Fig.2.02 Maria Montessori and pre-school childrenPsychologists such as Wellman and Piaget during the twentieth century discovered that news program levels of children sess be manipulated by environmental experiences such as pre-schooling. Also disapproved ideas of fixed intelligence and predetermined development. These findings improved the quality of pre-school education as incorporate stimulating environments for cognition and skill development. (Dudek.M, 1996, p.65)2.1.2 Early Childhood Education in Sri Lankan ContextPre-school education has been a key priority of the Sr i Lankan Education since the early 1940s. (The Kannangara overlay of 1943, Jayasooriya Commission Report on education in 1961). In 1986 the affiliation of powers to the Ministry of Womens Affairs and Childcare enabled to enhance and control the quality and regulations for Pre-schools Island wide. Experts on child psychological science and education help to categorize various early educational programs.The management of Pre-school education in Sri Lanka can be identified under three raw material sectorsState sector Managed under the Departments of Social Services, Fisheries, Womens Affairs and Protection and child care, Local Government etc.Voluntary Organizations Sarvodaya, Mahila Samithi, Religious Organizations, Samurdhi Movement, and Social Welfare Trust Organization (Pre-schools in the Estate Sector)Private Sector Private Educational Organizations or individuals (Mostly Montessori System Adopted)The two key systems of early education in Sri Lanka arenursery Kindergarten Me thodMontessori Method (Palihakkara, D.W., Premaratne, R.M. 2004, pp54-57).The Nursery and kindergarten method is a combination of the Nursery and Kindergarten systems currently practiced in Sri Lanka.KindergartenThis system focuses a child centered approach which became the inspiration for modern pre-school education. Founded by, Freidrich Froebel, it fosters play, well-favoured precedence for the growth of childrens feelings and their imagination.The objectives focus on the childs development which includes social skills and sensory development.Sociability and care within a group of childrenProblem solving ability based on individual and group activitiesAccomplishment of sensory motor coordinationUnderstanding basic concepts necessary for latter learningAppreciation of beauty in all formsSocial maturity and self-awarenessProgress of creativity(Palihakkara, D.W., Premaratne, R.M. 2004, pp37-38.)Nursery SchoolsA more recent education system based on the Kindergarten system, which fu nctions on a nonprofit basis through churches, homes and charitable organizations .Its objectives areChild socialization and the use of Fantasy Play promotes sensory motor and emotional development.Attachment between teacher and child brings proscribed self-confidence, security and spontaneity within the child.Creating a learning environment free from restrictions and restrainionsEstablishment of good maternal relations(Palihakkara, D.W., Premaratne, R.M. 2004, p38.)Organized and free play is believed to help the child realize his true capacity through aesthetics and self-expressive qualities of play. Nursery schools limit each group to a maximum of twenty students with a minimum of two teachers to maintain good child-Teacher relationship where the teacher is only a guide, selecting music, materials for play discussion or art activities.MontessoriAn early education system that combines both the psychological concepts and academic techniques was established by Maria Montessori. She believed in creating a core environment based on love, care, co-operation, patience, self control and responsibility to be the main feature of the system.The system aims skill development of children through activities such asPractical life exercises and occupational skills Ex. Carrying and using objects, buttoning, folding linen etc. as practical life skills and sweeping, washing, brushing as occupational skillsSensory exercises Sensory discrimination skills and conceptsDidactic exercises understand shape, size, colour, texture, temperature etc.(Palihakkara, D.W., Premaratne, R.M. 2004, pp39-40.)Fantasy Play of the Kindergarten has been substituted in the Montessori system by the organized activities that contribute to self-discipline and the course of work.Learning through Play MethodAs Friedrich Froebel believes play as the most distinctive activity of children. Apart from bring joy to the child, play also evokes the inherent spirit that children possess which symbolizes t he character of each individual. (Dudek M. 1996, p.47)Research on human behavior has revealed that children learn efficiently from seemingly-random play as from the formal classroom. Play gives children the opportunity of firsthand experience to discover things through exploration it motivates them to take risks and challenges to explore the world further. (McConnell.J, 1989)Piaget describes the basic types of play a child progresses through in his/her developmental stages as Pre-Social and Social play.Pre-Social Play The infant take on play with hands, feet, bells, rattles and dolls at six months.Social Play Is a more intricate and social in character as it occurs with both individual and physical development.Category 1 Social play is in relation to the activity, such asFree Play The basic kind of social play that involves physical play activities with other children. This enables them to control their demeanor.Formal Play Play with formal rules, but turns out to be flexible when c hildren become more verbal.Creative Play Defined as the pinnacle of all types of play by Piaget the child learns to operate with symbols rather than objects.Category 2 play can be classified under the point of social contact it offers. the curriculum of a Kindergarten encourages the following types of playSolitary Play children playing alone, independently, of their own interest.Parallel Play playing beside each other, but not with each other.Associative Play children playing with each other, communicating, sharing materials and activities in an unorganized pattern, without an overall goal.Corporative Play children organizing themselves in a group, with a common goal or purpose.(Malone. K, Tranter. P, 2003)Category 3 Any activity of play can be viewed in different stages of complexities of activity.Stage adept Simple exploration of play material feeling sand, pouring water back and forth, scribbling with colour pencils etc.Stage Two Symbolic Play Use of objects as symbols for more or less other object. Takes place during the Preoperational stage mentioned byPiaget, a play very frequently used by kindergarten children.Stage Three When Kindergarten children are able to interact in co- operative play, they devised flexible rules to their games. (Malone. K, Tranter. P, 2003)The three categories of social play are effectively practiced in Kindergarten programs facilitated by teachers without restricting child behavior.Fig.2.03 Children engaged in learning Fig.2.04 Children engaged in playResearchers have distinguished three main categories of play in relation to child development. These are summarized below with its characteristics.Physical/motor skill play activities playing on structured games, using free equipment (e.g., bat ball). A natural way through which, childrens physical growth, agility and endurance is improved. These are essential to a healthy childhood and later life.Social/non social play activities Talking with others, observe others acti vities, daydreaming (includes onlooker play). Children must play with others, share and cooperate, delight in other views, express their ideas, feelings and needs without the involvement of an adult. A child constructs identity which suits him. Learns to negotiate with others, and interaction with their peers allows to acquire social skills and emotional well-being essential for childs development.Cognitive play activities (includes imaginative and creative play) building with materials and engaging in imaginative activities enables children to discover, explore and develop an understanding of the environment around them. They become familiar with the patterns and systems of life and connections with the experience. Therefore, play being a stimulant of physical, emotional, social, intellectual and cognitive development of the child plays a key role in early childhood education. (Malone .K, Tranter. P, 2003)Spatial quality of a KindergartenThe Nursery and Kindergarten method encour ages freedom for the child to self-explore and experience his world. The psychological need for freedom is given priority in child centered education. A Child requires the freedom to experience childhood to its fullest potential. It is a key feature that enables him to successfully deal with future endeavors in life. (Selmer Olsen I., 1993)The spatial quality depends on the quality of activity, physical and psychological requirements of the users etc. A Kindergarten facilitates the main function of Learning through Play. The space and spatial quality of such institutions is the tool which moulds the ambiance required for the activity. The environment of a kindergarten should be organized, supportive and inspirational with desired freedom for the child to explore within the defined limitations of safety.Thus an ideal environment would cater to the requirements of a childs intellectual, social, linguistic, aesthetic and physical development. It will incorporate spatial variety with q uiet spaces for solitude and security, more opened social spaces for group activities and exciting outdoor spaces for exploration. The fleshly variety in light, colour, texture, and sound, would intensify the spatial quality to motivate children to engage positively with the kindergarten activities. (Bettelheim. B, Annalia. G, (1992), Dudek M. 1996, p.06).The objective of kindergarten architecture should be to create stimulus and secure learning environments that celebrates the characteristic activity of childhood play. (Dudek M. 1996, p.06).Kindergarten environments should consider Learning and Play as a synchronized, series of simultaneous learning and play activities. The spatial quality of a dynamic character for stimulation of Play should be controlled to achieve levels of concentration required for learning. This aspect should be addressed by using architectural elements such as form, scale, proportion, colour, texture, pattern, light and views. (Dudek M. 1996, p.06).2.2.1 Colour as a spatial quality in KindergartensAmongst architectural elements that stimulate space for humans, colour plays a vital role with direct impacts on mind and body. The sensation of colour enables to communicate between natural and manmade elements in architecture.The Three Elephants kindergarten designed by Knafo Klimor Architects in Caesarea, Israel. It is a testimony of the preceding(prenominal) statement as arrangements of dynamic spaces with a series of geometric wall planes are emphasized by colour.Fig.2.05 Interaction with Nature Kindergarten in Caeserea, IsraelThe natural cable between light and shade creates a new range of form and colour. Two dimensional architecture will eventually create a richer organisation of colour, which, in turn, will enrich the childs experience. (Eylon.L, 2003)The constant interaction with the surrounding environment draws in the light and colours of nature to animate the ocular ambiance for the child it is a dynamic experience of life . The vibrant application of colour highlights and symbolizes the abstract built forms of nature. The forms and colours with resemblance to a toy, encourages the childs imagination to visualize a lot of elephants and further explore activities of play through his imaginary world.Fig.2.06 Light provides visual depth to Form and Colour Kindergarten in Caecerea, Israel and Kindergarten8units in SpainNatural light is a source which enhances the spirit of spatial quality. Kindergarten8units in Spain is an example for its execution in enhancing colours.Fig.2.07 Eye level views for childrenThe window is used as an activity space against the wall. Therefore, the activities can have a pleasant bright setting and a close view of the outdoor environment. Bringing the window heights to childs eye level provides them with visual continuity from indoors to outdoors.Fig.2.08 Spirit of light and colourUse of colour with natural illumination energizes space and brightens the mood. The brightness of natural light floods into the corridors (common spaces) from the sky lights in a higher place and spreads into the classes arranged around it. Natural light and colour cooperate and works by changing light and the colours of the views of outdoors.This provides children a sensual understanding of time, nature and natural phenomena. Hence, colour becomes a vital spatial character in a kindergarten as it stimulates the child to positively communicate with its activity and the environment.

Lmlmm

Assume,. for. example,. that. the. encoder. generates. 600. pulses. per. revolution,. and. it. takes. 000. motor. revolutions. to. move. the. platform. from. one. position. to. another,. moving. the. platform. from. position. . to. position. 6. (5. positions). takes. 5000. motor. revolutions. or. 30,000. encoder. pulses.. In. most. practical. applications,. the. frequency. of. these. pulses. is. too. high. for. them. to. be. counted. with. inputs. that. are. not. associated. with. a. highspeed. counter.. obstructs. S7- two hundred. PLCs. incorporate. instructions. for. use. with. interrupts.. Interrupts. are. used. to. initiate. a. specific,. hort. PLC. program. segment,. called. an. interrupt. routine,. when. an. internal. or. external. event. occurs.. After. the. interrupt. routine. has. been. executed,. control. is. returned. to. the. main. program. Three. types. of. interrupts. are. supported. by. S7-200. PLCs,. communication port interrupts,. I/O interrupts,. and. timebased int errupts.. Communication. port. interrupts. are. used. to. control. a. communication. port. operated. in. Freeport. mode.. I/O. interrupts. are. used. to. respond. quickly. to. high-speed. I/O. transitions,. such. as. those. associated. with. high-speed. counters. or. pulse. train. outputs..Time-based. interrupts. allow. the. user. program. to. execute. an. interrupt. routine. on. a. cyclic. basis. Each. of. these. types. of. interrupts. has. an. associated. priority. that. determines. which. interrupt. is. processed. first. in. the. event. that. two. or. more. interrupts. are. requested. at. the. same. time.. Communication. port. interrupts. have. the. highest. priority. and. time-based. interrupts. have. the. lowest. priority. beatnik Training Output (PTO). S7-200. PLCs. have. two. PTO/PWM generators. that. create. either. a. high-speed. pulse. train. or. a. pulse. width. modulated. waveform.. One. generator. is. assigned. o. output. point. Q0. 0. and. the. other. to. output. poin t. Q0. .. When. a. generator. is. activated,. it. controls. its. respective. output. Pulse Train Output (PTO). is. used. to. provide. a. series. of. pulses. to. an. output. device,. such. as. a. stepper. motor. driver.. The. PTO. provides. a. square. wave. output. for. a. specified. number. of. pulses. and. a. specified. cycle. time.. The. number. of. pulses. can. be. from. . to. 4,294,967 ,295. pulses.. The. Pulse. Train. Output. has. a. 50%. duty. cycle.. This. means. the. pulse. is. off. for. the. same. amount. of. time. that. it. is. on. 63 The. number. of. pulses. and. he. cycle. time. can. be. changed. with. an. interrupt.. In. the. accompanying. example,. each. pulse. is. initially. on. for. 500. ms. and. off. for. 500. ms.. After. four. pulses,. an. interrupt. occurs. which. changes. the. cycle. time. to. 2. seconds,. . second. on. and. . second. off. . 1 sec 1 sec 500 ms Interrupt Occurs Pulse Width Modulation. (PWM) The. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) function. provides. a. fixed. cycle. time. with. a. variable. duty. cycle.. When. the. pulse. width. is. equal. to. the. cycle. time,. the. duty. cycle. is. 00%. and. the. output. is. turned. on. continuously.. In. the. following. example,. he. output. initially. has. a. 0%. duty. cycle. (on. 0%,. off. 90%).. After. an. interrupt,. the. output. switches. to. a. 50%. duty. cycle. (on. 50%,. off. 50%). On take On Off 10% Duty Cycle 50% Duty Cycle Interrupt Occurs The. PWM. function. can. be. used. to. provide. a. programmable. or. adjustable. control. of. machine. timing.. This. allows. machine. operation. to. be. varied. to. compensate. for. product. variations. or. mechanical. wear. And Much More. The. instructions. listed. in. this. section. are. only. examples. of. the. types. of. instructions. available. for. S7-200. PLCs.. The. full. instruction. set. holds. a. uch. broader. range. of. capabilities.. Refer. to. the. S7-200. System. manual(a). for. additional. information. 64 Specialized Expansion facultys In. addition. to. the. expansion. mental facultys. previously. discussed. that. provide. additional. discrete. or. analog. I/O,. several. expansion. modules. are. available. to. provide. communication. interfaces. or. specialized. I/O. functions. EM 241 Modem staff One. of. these. modules. is. the EM 241 Modem module.. This. module. supports. communication. between. a. computer. with. STEP. 7. Micro/WIN. and. an. S7-200. PLC. SF/DIAG EM 241 systemM 241-1AA22-0XA0 S7-200 PLC with EM 241 Modem ModuleModem Computer The. EM. 24. provides. an. international. telephone. line. interface. and. supports. sending. numeric. and. text. paging. messages,. as. well. as. SMS. (Short. Message. Service). messages. to. cellular. phones.. This. is. useful. for. remote. diagnostics. and. maintenance,. machine. control,. alarm. systems,. and. general. communication. functions. In. addition. to. CPU-to-CPU. communication. via. a. telephone. line,. the. EM. 24. also. supports. Modbus. RTU. pro tocol,. a. protocol. that. has. been. widely. used. for. many. years. SINAUT MD 720-3 GSM/GPRS Modem Module SINAUT Telecontrol (Siemens Network Automation). ermits networking. of. individual. controls. and. control. systems. over. a. WAN. (Wide. Area. Network).. One. approach. for. providing. this. capability. is. SINAUT Micro.. This. is. a. simple. and. flexible. way. to. link. stationary. or. mobile. stations. to. a. master. control. center.. SINAUT. Micro. is. appropriate. where. smaller. amounts. of. data. have. to. be. transmitted. to. permit. monitoring. and. control. of. remote. stations. using. wireless. techniques. with. the. General. Packet. Radio. Service. (GPRS). of. the. Global. System. for. Mobile. Communication. (GSM). mobile. radio. network.. 65 The.SINAUT MD720-3 GSM/GPRS Modem module. and. associated. ANT794-4MR antenna. are. the. hardware. elements. used. to. connect. an. S7-200. PLC. into. a. SINAUT. Micro. system.. SINAUT Micro SC software. is. also. required. W inCC flexiible, WinCC SET S O C RS232 X1 SINAUT MD720-3 720-3AA00 SINAUT MD 720-3 GSM/GPRS Modem Module Antenna CP 243-1, CP 243-1 IT Communication Processors. Industrial. Ethernet. provides. a. proven. means. of. networking computers. and. a. variety. of. intelligent. devices.. CP 243-1 and CP 243-1 IT communication processors. are. used. to. connect. an. S7-200. PLC. to. an. Industrial Ethernet network. CP. 43-. and. CP. 243-. IT. communication. processors. can. be. used. to. connect. an. S7-200. PLC. via. Industrial. Ethernet. to. a. computer. running. STEP. 7. Micro/WIN.. This. allows. the. S7-200. PLC. to. be. configured,. programmed,. and. diagnosed. remotely.. In. addition,. an. S7-200. PLC. connected. to. an. Industrial. Ethernet. network. can. communicate. with. S7-200,. S7-300,. and. S7-400. PLCs. and. a. variety. of. other. devices. The. IT. functions. of. the. CP. 243-. IT. Internet. module. simplify. the. process. of. setting. up. a. control. system. that. can. email. d iagnostic. information. or. transfer. files. using.Internet. protocols. S7-200 PLC with CP 243-1 or CP 243-1 IT Communication Processor SF/DIAG SIMATIC S7-300 PLC CP 243-1 Ethernet CP 243-1EX00-0XE0 Industrial Ethernet Programming whatchamacallum (PG) or Computer SIMATIC S7-400 PLC 66 EM 277 PROFIBUS-DP. Module. PROFIBUS DP. is. an. open,. international. fieldbus. communication standard. that. allows. a. broad. range. of. intelligent. devices. from. various. manufacturers. to. communicate. rapidly. and. efficiently.. This. reduces. wiring. costs. as. well. as. start-up. and. maintenance. expenses.. EM 277 PROFIBUS-DP module. allows. connection. of. the. S7-200. CPU. (CPU. 222. and. above). o. a. PROFIBUS-DP. network. as. a. slave.. Non-Siemens Controllers Other Intelligent Devices and Systems S7-200 PLC with EM 277 PROFIBUS DP Module SIMATIC S7 200 SF/DIAG RUN tour 0 Other SIMATIC Controllers 2 4 0 2 8 X10 6 8 00 . 0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 01 . 0 . 1 CPU 224 AC/DC/RLY X1 6 4 EM 277 PROFIBUS-DP CPU FAULT POWER DP ERROR DX MODE I0 .0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 I1 .0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 PORT 0 PROFIBUS DP I/O Systems Display Systems Computers CP 243-2 AS-Interface Master Module Actuator Sensor Interface (AS-Interface or AS-i). is. a. system for. networking. field. devices. such. as. sensors. and. actuators. ith. control. and. operator. interface. devices.. AS-i. replaces. the. extensive. parallel. wiring. often. used. to. connect. sensors. and. actuators. to. controllers. with. a. simple. 2-core. cable.. The. cable. is. designed. so. that. devices. can. only. be. connected. correctly. CP 243-2 AS-Interface Master module. allows. connection. of. the. S7-200. CPU. (CPU. 222. and. above). to. a. AS-I. network. as. a. master.. S7-200 PLC with CP 243-2 AS-Interface Master Module SIMATIC S7 200 SF/DIAG RUN STOP 00 . 0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 01 . 0 . 1 CPU 224 AC/DC/RLY CM conditioned emotional response PWR APF SF B SET AS-Interface Master CP 243-2 AUP 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 31 I0 .0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 I1 .0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 DISPLAY 6GK7 243-2AX01-0XA0 AS-Interface Power Supply Slaves Repeater AS-Interface Power Supply Slaves PORT 0 100 meters S7-200 PLC with CP 243-2 AS-Interface Master Module SIMATIC S7 200 SF/DIAG RUN STOP 00 . 0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 01 . 0 . 1 100 meters CPU 224 AC/DC/RLY CM CER PWR APF SF B SET AS-Interface Master CP 243-2 AUP 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 31 AS-Interface Power Supply Slaves Slaves AS-Interface Extension PlugI0 .0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 I1 .0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 DISPLAY 6GK7 243-2AX01-0XA0 PORT 0 200 meters 67 EM 253 Position Module. Position. control. describes. a. range. of. applications. that. involve. movement. with. varying. degrees. of. precision.. The. EM 253 Position module. is. a. simple. but. powerful. positioning. module. that. enables. the. us er. to. control. position. systems. from. microsteppers. to. intelligent. servo. drives. (with. integrated. closed-loop. control). SF/DIAG MF MG P0 DIS P1 CLR PWR EM 253 Position STP ZP LMT RPS + 253-1AA22-0XA0 S7-200 PLC with EM 253 Position Module EM 253 Features. Features. f. the. module. include . . . . . . . . . Provides. high-speed. control. with. a. range. from. 20. to.. 200,000. pulse. per. second Supports. both. S. curve. or. linear. acceleration. and. deceleration Provides. a. configurable. measuring. system. that. allows. you. to. enter. data. as. engineering. units. (such. as. inches. or. centimeters). or. as. a. number. of. pulses Provides. configurable. backlash. compensation Supports. absolute,. relative,. and. manual. methods. of. position. control Provides. continuous. operation Provides. up. to. 25. motion. profiles. with. up. to. 4. speed. changes. per. profile Provides. our. different. reference-point. seek. modes. with. a. choice. of. the. starting. seek. direc tion. and. final. approach. direction. for. each. sequence Provides. removable. field. wiring. connectors. for. easy. installation. and. removal 68 Expansion Modules for Temperature Measurement Two. S7-200. PLC. expansion. modules. are. available. for. accurate temperature. measurement, EM 231 Thermocouple module and EM 231 RTD module. EM. 23. Thermocouple. module. provides. analog. inputs. for. thermocouples.. A. thermocouple. is. a. temperature. sensor. made. from. two. dissimilar. metals. joined. at. a. point. called. a. junction..A. thermocouple. produces. a. small. voltage. that. is. dependent. upon. temperature.. Various. types. of. thermocouples. are. available. for. use. in. different. temperature. ranges.. Two. versions. of. EM. 23. Thermocouple. modules. are. available,. one. for. four. thermocouples. and. one. for. eight. thermocouples.. Each. version. is. compatible. with. J,. K,. T,. E,. R,. S,. or. N. thermocouples,. but. the. thermocouples. used. with. a. specific. mo dule. must. be. of. the. same. type. EM. 23. RTD. module. provides. analog. inputs. for. resistance temperature detectors (RTDs).. An. RTD. is. a. temperature. sensor. made. rom. a. metal,. such. as. platinum,. nickel,. or. copper,. that. varies. in. resistance. in. a. predictable. manner. as. temperature. varies.. Two. versions. of. the. EM. 23. RTD. module. are. available,. one. with. two. analog. inputs. and. one. with. four. analog. inputs.. Either. version. can. be. used. with. a. variety. of. RTD. types,. but. the. RTDs. used. with. a. specific. module. must. be. of. the. same. type. SIMATIC S7 200 SF/DIAG RUN STOP 00 . 0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 01 . 0 . 1 CPU 224 AC/DC/RLY +24 VDC SF EM 231 AI4 TC I0 .0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 I1 .0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 243-7PD22-0XA0 PORT 0S7-200 PLC with EM 231 Expansion Module A+ A- B+ B- C+ C- D+ D- A+ A- a+ a- B+ B- b+ b- M L+ Configuration M L+ Configuration + 24 VDC Refer to the S7-200 Programmable Controller System Manual for Configuration DIP Switch Positions + 24 VDC Refer to the S7-200 Programmable Controller System Manual for Configuration DIP Switch Positions EM 231 Thermocouple module, 4 gossip Version EM 231 RTD module, 2 Input Version 69 SIWAREX MS Weighing Module SIWAREX MS Weighing module provides.. a. simple,. easy to. install. approach. for. weighing. and. force. measurement. applications.. SWAREX. MS. Weighing. module. is. designed. to. measure. the. oltage. produced. by. sensors. commonly. used. to. measure. weight,. force,. or. torque. SIWAREX. MS. is. easily. integrated. into. an. S7-200. PLC. system. as. an. expansion. module.. This. makes. information. obtained. from. SIWAREX. MS. available. to. other. components. of. the. automation. system.. In. addition,. Siemens. offers. a. wide. variety. of. compatible. sensors. and. other. components. S7-200 PLC with SIWAREX MS Module SIMATIC S7 200 SF/DIAG RUN STOP 00 . 0 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 01 .0 . 1 CPU 224XP DC/DC/DC SF I NET p I SI WAREX MS -00 T Tp T o SIWAREX R Load Cell Touch Panel TP 177micro 0 Review 6 .. Three. types. of. SIMATIC. counters. available. in. the. S7-200. instruction. set. are. ____________,. ____________. and. ____________. 2 CPU. 22. and. CPU. 222. support. ____. high. speed. counters.. CPU. 224,. CPU. 224XP ,. CPU. 224XPsi,. and. CPU. 226. support. ____. high. speed. counters. 3.. S7-200. PLCs. have. two. ___________. that. create. either. a. high-speed. pulse. train. or. a. pulse-width. modulated. waveform. 4.. ________. and. ________. communication. processors. are. used. to. connect. an. S7-200. PLC. to. an. Industrial. Ethernet. network. 5.. _________. module. allows. connection. of. an.S7-200. CPU. (CPU222. and. above). to. a. PROFIBUS-DP. network. as. a. slave. 6.. _________. module. allows. connection. of. an. S7-200. CPU. (CPU222. and. above). to. an. AS-I. network. as. a. master. 7 .. Two. versions. of. EM. 23. Thermocouple. module. are. available,. one. for. ____. thermocouples . and. one. for. ____. thermocouples. 8.. Two. versions. of. EM. 23. RTD. module. are. available,. one. for. ____. RTDs. and. one. for. ____. RTDs. 7 Review Answers Review 1 Review 2. . Review 3. Review 4. ). a. input. module,. b. CPU,. c. output. module,. d. programming. device,. e. operator. interface. 2). 2. 3). 6. 4). 00,. 000. 0000,. A. ). discrete. 2). discrete. 3). CPU. 4). Ladder. logic. 5). Statement. list,. function. block. diagrams. 6). scan. 7)024. 8). firmware 9). RS-485. ). CPU. 22,. CPU. 222,. CPU. 224,. CPU. 224XP ,. CPU. 224XPsi,. CPU. 226. 2). b. 3). 2,. 7. 4). 8,. 6. 5). 4,. 0. 6). Q0. 3. 7). DIN. ). a. box,. b. normally. open. contact,. c. coil. 2). AND. Function. -. a. 0,. b. 0,. c. 0,. d. ,. OR. Function. -. e. 0,. f. ,. g. ,. h. . 3). I0. ,. I0. 0,. Q0. 0. ). 224XP. 2). On-Delay. Timer. (TON),. Retentive. On-Delay. Timer. (TONR),. Off-Delay. Timer. (TOF). . 3). 3276. 7. seconds. ). Retentive. On-Delay. Timer. (TONR). 5). On-Delay. Timer. (TON),. Off-Delay. Tim er. (TOF),. Pulse. Timer. (TP). ). Count. Up. Counter. (CTU),. Count. Down. Counter. (CTD),. Count. Up/Down. Counter. (CTUD). 2). 4,. 6. 3). PTO/PWM. generators 4). CP. 243-,. CP. 243-. IT. 5). EM. 277. PROFIBUS-DP 6). CP. 243-2. AS-Interface. Master. 7). 4,. 8. 8). 2,. 4.. Review 5. Review 6. 72 73 terminal Exam You. can. test. your. knowledge. by. taking. the. final. exam. for. this. course. online. at. http//www. usa. siemens. com/step.. This. web. page. provides. links. to. a. variety. of. our. quickSTEP. online. courses.. To. complete. he. final. exam. for. this. course,. click. on. the. Basics of PLCs. link.. Next,. move. your. mouse. over. to. the. left. so. that. the. navigation. bar. pops. out. and. select. the. Final Exam. link.. The. final. exam. page. will. appear.. Before. taking. the. final. exam,. it. is. recommended. that. you. delete. the. temporary. files. on. your. computer.. For. most. versions. of. Internet Explorer,. you. can. do. this. by. selecting. Internet Options. from. the. Tools. menu. and. then. clicking. on. the. Delete Files. button.. If. you. do. not. perform. this. step,. you. may. see. a. score. of. 0%. after. you. submit. your. xam. for. grading. After. you. complete. the. final. exam,. click. on. the. Grade the Exam. button. at. the. bottom. of. the. page.. Your. score. on. the. exam. will. be. displayed. along. with. the. questions. that. you. missed.. If. you. score. 70%. or. better. on. the. exam,. you. will. be. given. two. options. for. displaying. and. printing. a. certificate. of. completion.. The. Print Certificate. option. allows. you. to. display. and. print. the. certificate. without. saving. your. score. in. our. database. and. the. Save Score. option. allows. you. to. save. your. score. and. display. and. print. your. certificate. 74

One offers a sliding fee and charges $110 to $119 per session

As a very concerned friend and one that has the background to realize that what my friend is undergoing is bordering on severe depression, I pick out that she should really seek professional help. Although therapy is expensive, there are certain measures that could be used as an alternative to therapy, plainly I would be more homelike if she will go to counseling.This is why I researched a number of internet resources to really identify the best sources for reputable and accredited psychologists, as much as possible I would want her to non be under medication because in counseling she would have a better chance of developing the skills she would shoot for healthy adjustment to lifes challenges.In psychotherapy, she would be condition anti-depression drugs and somewhattimes it is not as helpful as it is meant to be, and I fear that she may except become dependent on the drugs instead of really learning and realizing her problems and issues.I found the Psych Central website very informative and helpful. It has a list of help centers where the fees are not that expensive and some of the sessions can be done online, on the other hand, it also has a list of accredited psychologists and psychiatrists and their contact and office numbers as well as descriptions of their fields of expertise and work experience.I simply went online to find the resources, aside from Psych Central, I also found that San Jose, CA has a list of psychiatrists and psychologists on the yellow pages, but unless I have someone who can refer them, it is not much help.From the Psych Central resource list, I found two apparent psychologists that are within the San Jose area, they both offer the first session free of charge and presend a very comprehensive introduction to their exercise. I shade comfortable with the approaches that the psychologists have on treatment and they have outstanding credentials.One offers a sliding fee and charges $110 to $119 per session and can be bargained if financially incapable, in addition there is no need to pay for the sessions in advance which would suit my friends needs. The other site however does not indicate the enrolment of fees.They both work with individuals in counseling and specialize in depression and adjustment problems. The first psychologist however accepts payment sessions through health insurance and she says that the guest just have to contact the insurance provider before arranging the first session. This could be advantageous to my friend if she decides to use her insurance plan but I doubt that she would, but it is good to have options.The second therapist however requires that a personal call or an email be sent to her to settle the business side of the counseling sessions, which is basically positive in the sense that my friend would get to communicate with the therapist before she commits to visiting her and her practice is also within the San Jose area and can be checked out anytime if the need arises.I th ink that my friend would really benefit with the first counselor, she would be given the counseling that she very much needs within her own budget constraints, as well as be able to stay in her flatbed and job for the psychologists are within her residence and job. If there is a need for her to be institutionalized, or if she thinks that she might be safer there, and then there are some available institutions in the area, but as for now, I am confident that she would work well with counseling.ResourcesPsych Central.com for list of therapy centers found at http//psychcentral.com/resources/Psychotherapy/Treatment_Centers/Dr. Lisa Shieldshttp//cms.psychologytoday.com/usnews/prof_detail.php?profid=40512&sid=1178634615.479_19565&city=San+Jose&county=Santa+Clara& arouse=CaliforniaSan Jose Therapy and Counseling.org with Maria Lloyd, MFT Therapist License 38399 checkhttp//www.sanjosetherapy.org/depression

Stratford Sherman Eight Steps Toward Integrity

After reviewing Stratford Sherman Eight stairs toward Integrity, it has different components of business ethics that businesses can use as a basic guideline. The Eight Steps toward Integrity include doing what we say we testament do, doing the right thing, taking responsibility, supporting our own weight, holistic idea, checking the mirror, defining the rules and determine. The first step is doing what we say we will do which includes keeping promises and meeting deadlines and often, tough negotiationprior to making commitments. (Stratford Sherman). Doing the right thing includes being aware of whats right and performing the right actions. This also includes accepting the consequences. Taking responsibility is simply taking responsibility for your actions. Supporting your own weight means functioning as a whole. (Stratford Sherman). Holistic thinking is an appreciation of wholeness in the world supports its practice. (Stratford Sherman). Checking the mirror is taking the time t o do an honest review of you or as Sherman said pause for reflection.Defining the rules and values is simply rules about the basics that can be applied to almost anything from couples to organizations. New local health codes require that argufy dumpsters be at lower limit of thirty feet from the rear entrance of the building. The new laws also include that all out buildings be at minimum of six feet from the property line sandwich Blitz is in violation of these laws. The enclosure that houses the trash dumpster is five feet from the property line. The government confabulateor has told the unit manager that he would be willing to extol this if Sandwich Blitz provides the food for his departments holiday party.Dalman and the Location Manager should decline the government inspector offer for multiple reasons. One reason is because this is very wrong for business owners to accept a bribe when theyre violating the law and this is also unethical for the government inspector to make th is offer. Dalman and the Location Manager need to do the right thing, take responsibility, and support their own weight. But lets say that Dalman and the Location Manager accept the government inspectors offer.What if another inspector comes to inspect the building after Sandwich Blitz have already provided the food for the inspectors department holiday party? The issue still remains that the enclosure that houses the trash dumpster is only five feet from the property line when laws require it to be six feet from the property line. Dalman and the Location Manager need to strategize other solutions such as finding out if the enclosure can be redesigned or if they can move the whole structure back only 1foot so that Sandwich Blitz will not be in violation.

Movie Scene Evaluation

Movie Scene Evaluation Project Analysis 1) Apply all eight Elements of Intersomebodyal Communication to you scene. The press garmentping illustrates a very good example of interpersonal communication. In this clip Alpachino (The Blind man) is the major source (encoder) in interpersonal communication. Charlie (Suspect/Witness), Dean, Willis Jr. , disciplinary committee and the student automobile trunk are the decoders of the messages. The crowd is astounded by the encoder and gave a positive timely feedback which gave confident to the vocalizer to confine the speech boldly.The bridge (channel) connecting the sender and the receiver is primarily verbal (vocal-auditory channel). Since the verbaliser in the scene is craft therefore there are not many visible facial gestures plainly the vocal stones throw (the highs and the lows) of the speaker compensates for his impairment. Senders cunningness acts as the gatekeeper in this clip. The actor delivered the speech so well that hi s impairment (blindness) never obstructs to communicate with people around him effectively.However, there is a little but effective use of hands to convey his message to the receivers. There is a little hint of psychological noise in the scene too, which is straightforward since the Dean does not want to hear the elevated and virulent tone of postmark. The context of the scene is in blase and social-psychological dimension. The gravity of the situation forced the speaker in the clip to take an action in a harsh manner and the relation that had developed betwixt bounder and Charles shows the social-psychological dimension.The clip also consist the element of ethics in it since Frank defended the innocent (Charles). The speaker with his high level of interpersonal competence exchanges everyone in the hall to let justice prevail. 2) How do we give away one of the 7 principles of Communication used in this scene? The clip is pretty voluminous in covering the principles of commu nication. However, the most obvious of them all is the purposefulness of interpersonal communication.Five such purposes ignore be determine in the scene to learn- through interpersonal communication everyone in the scene learnt about(predicate) justice to relate- speakers closeness to Charlie(defendant) is evident through his words to defend him to influence- the speaker through his word of justice persuaded and influenced everyone introduce in the event to play- a formal outlay of the scene doesnt introduces the element of playfulness but the theory of help is pretty obvious in the form that the speaker is helping through his word to convince the jury and defend the Charles. ) Were your characters from laissez-faire(a) or collectivist cultures? Explain how their characters bear upon the way they acted towards each other. The attitudes and mien that are characteristics of a particular social group or organization defines culture. Frank the main speaker in the clip enculture d rules, regulation, discipline and self-importance obsession from army in his past which makes him lean towards individualistic culture but in his speech to support Charles he presents the tendency of collectivist culture.Whereas, Charles accultured tameness and backwardness since he belonged to a hardworking middle class family which is evident end-to-end the movie and in and the clip as well. The Dean here shows the tendencies of individualistic culture since he portrays power, authority and discipline. Therefore, Frank and Dean throughout the clip talk aggressively, whereas, Charles act in a timid manner. 4) What is a stereotype, and what stereotypes are present in your scene? Stereotype is a fixed impression of a group of people.Stereotyping is not very evident in this particular clip but giving a verdict only on Charles whether by choice or unintentionally by the Dean could be characterized as stereotyping. Another example of stereotyping is by Frank (Alpachino) where forms an impression about Charles peers involved in prank played against the Dean as rich parents spoiled brats. 5) Apply four parts of Johari Window to one of the character in your scene? Frank (Alpachino) is a confident, blunt and a straightforward retired army man is his openself.His hidden self is his remaining dreams for an adventure during the movie which he later reveals to Charles on the trip to New York. Franks explicit port could be defined as his blindself since he doesnt realize how the other person could be affected by his words and actions that he says and delivers. In the movie several times it can be seen that Franck experiences way swings which is his unknown self, neither he nor anyone else talk about it but the audience watching the movie can identify it. 6) What is self-serving bias and explain how one character used it in your scene.When we take accredit for the positive and deny responsibility for the negative is called self-serving bias. In this particular scene Mr. Willis Jr. erudite he is responsible for the prank played on the dean, denies, lying to save himself that he was present at the location but did not have his contact lens on, therefore, could not see and referred Dean, Charles being present at the location. 7) How could your characters have increased the accuracy of their impression formation? In my opinion the only person in the scene who would need accuracy in impression formation would be the Dean.He needs to anticipate into ANALYZE IMPRESSION by avoiding early conclusions on the basis of his observations and REDUCE UNCERTAINIY by learning about a person through others in this case about Charles. 8) Apply all 5 stages of the dish up of earshot to the scene in you movie. Since this scene mirrors court room scene which is formal and disciplined gum olibanum there is almost no noise present in the clip and the receiving of the message is very illumine which helps the student, disciplinary committee, Dean and the suspects u nderstand interpersonal communication easily.The remembering stage is only restricted to temporal dimension since its on short term basis but its impact would have remained in long term memory. Evaluation of the message is pretty easy too since its clear from the speech that Frank is trying to defend Charles. Students reaction in form of an applaud towards the speech is the responding. 9) defecate a get a lineing barrier that you have witnessed in the scene? Premature Judgment is a listening barrier in this scene. Dean is drawing conclusions on incomplete evidence. He doesnt want to listen to Franks speech and constantly try to stop him.It can be implied from Deans facial gestures (non-verbal communication) that he doesnt want to listen to anything anymore and just want to give the verdict. 10) establish on what we have learned in our class, how could communication have been improved in this scene? Frank(Alpachino) is blind in this scene. I believe the communication could have bee n much more effective if Frank wasnt suffering from this impairment. Furthermore, if Dean would have listened to and analyzed the situation indifferently and wouldnt have formed a premature judgment, it would have taken lesser time to come to a conclusion, thus, improving the communication.

Effects of Mass Media Essay

What were the major explicatements in the phylogenesis of mass media during the 20th century? The major developments in the mass media during the 20th century include electronic and digital chat. The first electronic device use for communication was the telegraph, which feature dot-dash signals. Thanks to the telegraph, raft did non need to use transportation to deliver a simple message. With the telegraph a message was veritable in a matter of minutes.The telegraph was the foundation to many other electronic devices like the radio, facsimile machine machine, and the cell phone. With the digital era, communication has transformed our way of life. Cable TV and the internet have evolved so quickly that some traditional media have (like the newspaper) have lost their visualize over information. Other traditional media are also losing ground thanks to the development of emerging media. Media sites like Facebook, YouTube, and Tweeter are attracting more earreach than traditional m edia.Facebook alone has over 1 billion users worldwide and its still enkindleing. With new technology been develop every day, people are more connected than ever before, because of this, business like the post responsibility are losing money every day because people no longer need to write letters, or mail a check to pay for their bills. News can be broadcast almost straight off by anyone with a mobile device. Devises like ipads, smart phones, and laptops allowed people to view anything from magazines, news articles, television shows and movies. conduct moreEssay on Mass Media Advantages and DisadvantagesMost TVs are now been develop with internet and wi-fi connection, so people have a reason to purchase it. The development of mass media will continue to grow and new ways of information will eventually replace the old ones. How did each development lick American culture? The development of mass media has influence American culture in many ways. before the development of new age technology, American culture way of communication was oral and written.People curse on books, manuscripts, and word of mouth to get information delivered. Even politicians depended on oral and written communication to get the vote of the people. With the development of the telegraph and eventually the radio, in America, people started moving from a country culture, into a urban life style, where new industries and economic opportunities beckoned. With the development of digital communication, people started taking control over information.Publishers and TV station began losing ground over the control of information as well. With each development, people began to depend on themselves to get the information, rather than relying on teachers, or storytellers. The internet has allowed our culture to do interact in different ways. You can buy anything online, without leaving the house, you can work from home, take college courses and earn your degree, tell on a video conference, and m any other things that could not be done in the past.There are many advantages to the development of mass media in our culture, but it has also disadvantages. I believe that the internet has do people lazier and less responsible. There are people that instead of going to the market to get food, they opt to order groceries online to get it delivered home. When it comes to education, some students just search for the easy answers available online, instead of taking the clock time to do the research.

Magnetic Tape Essay

magnetized memorialize is a medium for magnetic playscripting, made of a thin magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic film. It was developed in Germany, establish on magnetic wire recording. Devices that record and play back audio and film using magnetic taping argon tape recorders and video tape recorders. A device that lines computer information on magnetic tape is a tape drivOver years, magnetic tape foot suffer from deterioration called drumy-shed syndrome. Cause by absorption of moisture into the binder of the tape, it nookie render the tape unusable. MeritsCapacity* One of the key advantages of magnetic tape is its capacity for holding data. magnetised tape was the first medium able to hold a feature-length movie on a small, low-priced device, thus enabling the home video market of the 1980s. In addition, compact cassettes can hold medicament on both sides, giving them a 90-minute total playing time, which is even greater than near CDs. modify* Mag netic tape is also easy to edit using a traditional linear-editing administration. This can require duplicating a portion of a tape to a master reel, or physically cutting the tape and attaching the desired portions together with glue, splicing cement or adhesive tape. Editing in this manner requires no special computer equipment and may be less expensive and/or easier to learn than nonlinear digital editing.DEMERITSGeneration Loss* One of the disadvantages of magnetic tape is generation loss, which refers to the fact that each successive write of a tape loses quality compared to the original. This can make it difficult to use magnetic tape for editing-intensive projects, or when extremely high fidelity is important. Digital media, on the other hand, can be copied and reproduced indefinitely with no visible or audible difference between the original and any of its copies.Durability* Another occupation with magnetic tape is its tendency to stretch out over time, causing the qualit y of the data to deteriorate. On old video tapes, this generally appears in the form of poor audio, and picture data can at last suffer as hearty. Over time magnetic tape acquires a layer of magnetic junk from recording and playback heads, which may need to be cleaned periodically to continue functioning.Mechanical Complexity* The mechanical complexness needed to use magnetic tape is another disadvantage of the medium. Items like cassette and VHS tapes include two discover reels, as well as a mechanism for exposing a small portion of the tape intimate a player or recording device. Reel-to-reel tape players use multiple motors and moving parts, each of which is persuasible to mechanical failure. In the realm of digital media, blink of an eye-based memory uses no moving parts, thus eliminating this problem.Advantages and Disadvantages of a USB bald-faced DriveFebruary 27, 2012Advantages and disadvantagesAdvantagesCompared to hard bms, flash drives use little power, have no fr agile moving parts, and for most capacities are small and light. Data set upd on flash drives is impervious to mechanical shock, magnetic fields, scratches and dust. These properties make them sufficient for transporting data from induct to place and keeping the data readily at hand. Flash drives also store data densely compared to many removable media. In mid-2009, 256 GB drives became available, with the ability to hold many time more data than a DVD or even a Blu-ray disc,2 Most personal computers financing USB as of 2010. Flash drives implement the USB mass storage device class so that most juvenile operating systems can read and write to them without installing device drivers. The flash drives present a wide-eyed block-structured logical unit to the force operating system, hiding the individual complex implementation details of the various(a) underlying flash memory devices.The operating system can use any file system or block addressing scheme. Some computers can boo t up from flash drives. Specially manufactured flash drives are available that have a tough rubber or metal casing designed to be waterproof and virtually un hearable. These flash drives retain their memory after being submersed in water, and even through a machine wash. Leaving such a flash drive out to dry completely before allowing current to run through it has been known to result in a working drive with no future problems. Channel Fives Gadget visual aspect cooked one of these flash drives with propane, froze it with dry ice, submerged it in various acidic liquids, ran over it with a landrover and fired it against a wall with a mortar. A company specializing in recovering lost data from computer drives managed to recover all the data on the drive.42 All data on the other removable storage devices tested, using optical or magnetic technologies, were destroyed.DisadvantagesMain article Flash memoryLimitations ilk all flash memory devices, flash drives can sustain only a limited design of write and erase cycles before the drive fails.43unreliable source?44 This should be a consideration when using a flash drive to run application software or an operating system. To address this, as well as space limitations, some developers have produced special versions of operating systems (such as Linux in Live USB)45 or commonplace applications (such as Mozilla Firefox) designed to run from flash drives. These are typically optimized for size and configured to place temporary or intermediate files in the computers main RAM rather than store them temporarily on the flash drive. Most USB flash drives no longer include a write-protect mechanism, although a small number have a switch on the housing of the drive itself to keep the host computer from writing or modifying data on the drive. Write-protection makes a device suitable for repairing virus-contaminated host computers without jeopardy of infecting the USB flash drive itself. A write-locked SD card in a USB flash c ard reader organizer is an effective way to avoid any writes on the flash medium.The SD card as a pervert device has an essentially unlimited life. A drawback to the small size is that they are easily misplaced, left behind, or otherwise lost. This is a particular problem if the data they contain are sensitive (see data security). As a consequence, some manufacturers have added encryption hardware to their drivesalthough software encryption systems which can be used in conjunction with any mass storage medium achieve the same thing. Most drives can be attached to keychains, necklaces and lanyards. The USB plug is usually fitted with a removable and easily lost protective cap, or is retractable. USB flash drives are more expensive per unit of storage than large hard drives, but are less expensive in capacities of a few tens of gigabytes as of 2011 Maximum available capacity is change magnitude with time, but is less than larger hard drives. This balance is changing, but the rate o f change is slowing..Most USB based flash technology integrates a printed circuit board with a metal tip which is simply soldered on. As a result the stress point is where the two pieces join. Some manufacturers quality control does not vouch a proper solder temp further weakening the stress point. Since many Flash Drives stick out from a users laptop or PC they are likely to be bumped repeatedly in their life time and may break at the stress point. Most of the time a break at the stress point results in permanent damage to the printed circuit board where the joint is part from the circuit. However, some manufacturers produce discreet flash drives that do not stick out and others use a solid metal uni-body that has no easily discernible stress point.